Rashi on Jeremiah Chapter 13
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אֵזוֹר. פּוֹרְצִינְ״ט בְּלַעַ״ז:
a girdle (pourceint in O.F.).
וּבַמַּיִם לֹא תְבִיאֵהוּ. לְכַבְּסוֹ כְּשֶׁיְּהֵא מָלֵא זֵיעָה, כְּדֵי שֶׁיְּמַהֵר לֵירָקֵב:
and do not put it in water to wash it when it will be soaked with sweat, in order that it hasten to decay.
לֹא יִצְלַח לַכֹּל. אֵינוֹ רָאוּי לִכְלוּם:
it was of no use for anything It was not fit for anything.
וִיהִי כָּאֵזוֹר הַזֶּה. גְּאוֹנָם יִהְיֶה כָּאֵזוֹר הַזֶּה הַנִּרְקָב:
and it shall be like this girdle Their pride shall be like this rotten girdle.
נֵבֶל. כְּלִי חֶרֶס הוּא, וְעָשׂוּי לְהַכְנִיס בּוֹ יָיִן:
bottle Heb. נבל. This is an earthenware vessel, and it is used to hold wine.
וְנִפַּצְתִּים אִישׁ אֶל אָחִיו. אַכֶּה זֶה עַל זֶה, עַד שֶׁיִּשָּׁבְרוּ חֲתִיכוֹת דַּקּוֹת; כְּמוֹ ״כִּכְלִי יוֹצֵר תְּנַפְּצֵם״ (תהלים ב:ט); ״וְנִפֵּץ אֶת עֹלָלַיִךְ״ (תהלים קלז:ט); וְכֵן כָּל נִפּוּץ שֶׁבַּמִּקְרָא:
And I will dash them one against the other I will dash one against the other until they break into small pieces. Cf (Psalms 2:9) “Like a potter’s vessel shall you shatter them (תנפצם)” (ibid. 137: 9). “And dash ונפץ your babes”; and so is every expression of נפוץ in Scripture.
וְהָאָבוֹת וְהַבָּנִים. אֲנַפֵּץ זֶה אֵצֶל זֶה:
and the fathers and the sons I will dash one against the other.
יִתְנַגְּפוּ. יִכָּשְׁלוּ, אצופי״ר בְּלַעַ״ז:
and before your feet stumble Heb. יתנגפו (achopper in French), to stumble.
הָרֵי נָשֶׁף. הָרֵי חֹשֶׁךְ, בְּלֶכְתָּם בַּגּוֹלָה:
the dark mountains Heb. נשף, the dark mountains when they go into exile.
וְשִׁית לַעֲרָפֶל. כְּמוֹ וְלָשִׁית אֶת הָאוֹר לַעֲרָפֶל:
and making it into a thick cloud Heb. ושית, like ולשית, and to make the light into a thick cloud.
מִפְּנֵי גֵוָה. מִפְּנֵי גְדוּלָּה שֶׁלָּכֶם שֶׁתִּתְבַּטֵּל. דָּבָר אַחֵר, מִפְּנֵי גַּאֲוָתָהּ שֶׁל מַלְכוּת שָׁמַיִם שֶׁתִּנָּתֵן לֶאֱלִילִים שֶׁל כַּשְׂדִּים (חגיגה ה:):
because of your pride Because of your greatness which will be curtailed. Another explanation: Because of the pride of the kingdom of Heaven that will be given over to the idols of Babylon.
לַמֶּלֶךְ וְלַגְּבִירָה. יְהוֹיָכִין וְאִמּוֹ:
to the king and to the queen mother Jehoiachin and his mother.
יָרַד מְרַאֲשׁוֹתֵיכֶם. וּושְׁטְרִי קָאיִ״ץ בְּלַעַ״ז, עֲלִיַּתְכֶם; כְּמוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״וַיֵּצֵא אֵלָיו יְהוֹיָכִין הוּא וְאִמּוֹ וַעֲבָדָיו״ (מלכים ב כד:יב), וְכֻלָּם הוֹלִיכָם בַּגּוֹלָה:
your greatness has come down Heb. מראשתיכם (vostremijevec in O.F.), your ascent, as it is stated: (II Kings 24:12) “And Jehoiachin... came out to him (sic), he and his mother and his servants,” and he led all of them in exile.
עָרֵי הַנֶּגֶב סֻגְּרוּ. לִפְנֵי הַבָּאִין עֲלֵיהֶם מִן הַצָּפוֹן; עָרֵי אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל סְגוּרוֹת מֵאֵימַת נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר:
The cities of the South are shut up before those coming upon them from the north [i.e.,] the cities of Eretz Israel are shut up because of fear of Nebuchadnezzar.
הָגְלַת שְׁלוֹמִים. לֹא יִלָּחֵם יְהוֹיָכִין, כִּי לְשָׁלוֹם יֵצֵא וְיַגְלֵהוּ (מלכים ב כד:יב). לָשׁוֹן אַחֵר: שְׁלוֹמִים גרדונאמינ״ץ בְּלַעַז, כְּלוֹמַר: תַּשְׁלוּם עֲוֹנָם; וְכֵן תִּרְגֵּם יוֹנָתָן: ״אִיתְקַבְּלוּ תּוֹשְׁלַמַת חוֹבֵיהוֹן״:
she was exiled peacefully Jehoiachin will not wage war, but he will come out peacefully, and he will exile them. Another interpretation. שלומים (gueredon in O.F.), reprisal. That is to say: she was exiled as the recompense for their iniquity. And Jonathan rendered in this manner: the recompense of their sins was received.
שְׂאוּ עֵינֵיכֶם וּרְאוּ. אֶת הַבָּאִים עֲלֵיכֶם מִצָּפוֹן:
Lift your eyes and see those coming upon you from the North.
אַיֵּה הָעֵדֶר נִתַּן לָךְ. אַחַר שֶׁיִּגְלוּ, יֹאמַר לִירוּשָׁלַיִם כֵּן:
Where is the flock that was given you After they are exiled, this will be said to Jerusalem.
מַה תֹּאמְרִי כִּי יִפְקֹד. הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עָלַיִךְ:
What will you say when He visits i.e., when the Holy One, blessed be He, visits upon you?
לִמַּדְתְּ אוֹתָם עָלַיִךְ אַלֻּפִים לְרֹאשׁ. שְׁלַחְתֶּם אֲלֵיהֶם מַלְאָכִים לַכַּשְׂדִּיִּים לְהָבִיא מִשָּׁם אֱלִילִים שֶׁלָּהֶם לְעָבְדָם, כְּמוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בִּיחֶזְקֵאל (יחזקאל כג:טז) ״וַתַּעְגְּבָה עֲלֵיהֶם לְמַרְאֵה עֵינֶיהָ וַתִּשְׁלַח מַלְאָכִים אֲלֵיהֶם כַּשְׂדִּימָה״. דָּבָר אַחֵר: לִמַּדְתְּ אוֹתָם עָלַיִךְ אַלֻּפִים – חִזְקִיָּהוּ שֶׁהֶרְאָה לִשְׁלוּחֵי מְרֹדַךְ בַּלְאֲדָן אֶת כָּל בֵּית נְכָאתָה (ישעיהו לט:ב):
when you accustomed them to be princes at your head You sent emissaries to the Chaldees to bring their idols from there to worship them, as it is written in Ezekiel (23 16): “And she lusted for them to the sight of her eyes, and she sent emissaries to them, to the Chaldees.” Another explanation of “you accustomed them to be princes over you”: Hezekiah who showed the emissaries of Merodach-baladan his entire treasure house (Isaiah 39:2, II Kings 20:13).
שׁוּלָיִךְ. שִׁפּוּלֵי הַבְּגָדִים, טִי״שׁ אוֹרְלָ״שׁ בְּלַעַ״ז; כְּשֶׁמַּפְשִׁיטִין אֶת הָאִשָּׁה דֶּרֶךְ בִּזָּיוֹן, מְהַפְּכִין חֲלוּקָהּ מִלְּמַטָּה לְמַעְלָה:
your skirts The skirts of the garments (tes ourlets in French), your hems. When a woman is stripped in a humiliating way, they turn her chemise upside down.
נֶחְמְסוּ עֲקֵבָיִךְ. נִגְזְרוּ דְּרָכַיִךְ. נֶחְמְסוּ כְּמוֹ ״וַיַּחְמֹס כַּגַּן שֻׂכּוֹ״ (איכה ב:ו):
your steps cut off Your ways are cut off. נחמסו is like (Lam. 2:6) “And He cut off (ויחמֹס) like a garden His dwelling.”
עֲקֵבָיִךְ. טְרַצִי״שׁ בְּלַעַ״ז; פָּסְקוּ עוֹבְרֵי דְרָכִים:
your steps (traces in O.F.) Travelers have stopped.
כּוּשִׁי. שֵׁם אָדָם שָׁחוֹר, וְקוֹרִין מָאוֹר בְּלַעַ״ז:
a Cushite Heb. כושי, the name of a black man, who is called Maure in French, a Moor.
וְנָמֵר. לִיאַפַּרְ״ט בְּלַעַ״ז:
or a leopard leopard in French.
חֲבַרְבֻּרֹתָיו. הַנָּמֵר מְנֻמָּר הוּא, וְהֵם הַחֲבַרְבֻּרוֹת, טָק״שׁ בְּלַעַ״ז; וְאִי אֶפְשָׁר שֶׁיֵּהָפְכוּ:
his spots The leopard is spotted, and they are the spots (taches in French), and it is impossible for them to change.
הָרֵעַ. כְּמוֹ ״לְהָרֵעַ״ (תהלים לז:ח):
to do evil Heb. הרע, like להרע, to do evil.
מְנַת מִדַּיִךְ. חֵלֶק מִדּוֹתַיִךְ, מִדָּה כְּנֶגֶד מִדָּה:
the portion of your measures The portion of your measures, a measure for a measure.
חָשַׂפְתִּי שׁוּלַיִךְ. גִּלִּיתִי שִׁפּוּלֵי בְגָדַיִךְ, לְהָפְכָם עַל פָּנָיִךְ:
have uncovered your skirts I have uncovered the hems of your garments upon your face.
מִצְהֲלוֹתַיִךְ. כְּצַהֲלַת סוּסִים נוֹאֲפִים (ירמיה ה:ח):
your neighings like the neighing of adulterous horses.
אַחֲרֵי מָתַי. תִּטְהֲרִי עֹד:
After when will you ever become purified?