Rashi on Jeremiah Chapter 38
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וְהָיְתָה לוֹ נַפְשׁוֹ לְשָׁלָל. וְהָיוּ לוֹ חַיָּיו הַצָּלָה, כְּאִלּוּ שָׁלַל נַפְשׁוֹ; כְּאָדָם הַשּׁוֹלֵל שָׁלָל וּמִשְׂתַּכֵּר, כָּךְ יִשְׂתַּכֵּר זֶה נַפְשׁוֹ:
and he shall have his life as prey His life shall be saved, as if had “plundered” his soul; just as a man profits from plundering booty, so this person will profit [by saving] his life.
עַל כֵּן הוּא מְרַפֵּא. אֶלַאקְנְ״ץ בְּלַעַ״ז, לְשׁוֹן רִפְיוֹן:
since he weakens (a lacher in O.F.), an expression of weakness.
יוּכַל. כְּמוֹ יָכוֹל, עַל אֲשֶׁר הוּא מְרַפֵּא אֶת וְגוֹ׳:
cannot Heb. יוּכַל, like יָכוֹל, since he is weakening the hands of, etc.
הַבּוֹר מַלְכִּיָּהוּ. שֶׁל מַלְכִּיָּהוּ:
the pit of Malchiah lit. the pit Malchiah.
עֶבֶד מֶלֶךְ. בָּרוּךְ בֶּן נֵרִיָּה:
Ebed-melech Baruch the son of Neriah.
הַכּוּשִׁי. צִדְקִיָּהוּ: מָה כּוּשִׁי מְשֻׁנֶּה בְּעוֹרוֹ, אַף צִדְקִיָּהוּ מְשֻׁנֶּה בְּצִדְקוֹ מִכָּל דּוֹרוֹ (מועד קטן טז:). וְיֵשׁ מִדְרָשׁ דּוֹרֵשׁ הַכּוּשִׁי עַל בָּרוּךְ (ספרי במדבר צט):
the Cushite Zedekiah. Just as a Cushite is different in his skin, so was Zedekiah different in his righteousness, from all his generation (Moed Katan 16b). And there is a Midrash that expounds “the Cushite,” as referring to Baruch (Sifrei ibid.).
אִישׁ סָרִיס. גֶּבֶר רַב:
an officer Heb. סריס, a great man.
וַיָּמָת תַּחְתָּיו וגו׳. אִלּוּ הִנִּיחוּ אוֹתוֹ בִּמְקוֹמוֹ הָיָה מֵת מֵאֵלָיו בָּרָעָב, וְהֵם הֵרֵעוּ לְקָרֵב מִיתָתוֹ:
He would have died in his place, etc. If they had left him in his place, he would have died by himself in the famine, but they have done harm to bring his death closer.
שְׁלֹשִׁים אֲנָשִׁים. מִתּוֹךְ שֶׁכֹּחָן תַּשׁ בָּרָעָב, נִצְרְכוּ כֻּלָּן:
thirty men Since they were weakened by the famine, all of them were required.
בְּלוֹיֵי סְחָבוֹת. בְּלוּאֵי בְגָדִים הַנִּסְחָבִים:
worn clouts Heb. בלוי סחבות, worn out garments, that are dragged.
וְהַמְּלָחִים. לְשׁוֹן רִקָּבוֹן, כְּמוֹ ״כֶּעָשָׁן נִמְלָחוּ״ (ישעיה נא:ו):
and the rags Heb. והמלחים, an expression of decay. Cf. “shall vanish (נמלחוּ) like smoke” (Isa. 51: 6).
תַּחַת אֲצִילוֹת יָדֶיךָ. שֶׁלֹּא יַזִּיקוּךָ הַחֲבָלִים:
under your armpits So that the ropes should not harm you.
אַצִּילוֹת. אֵיישִׁילָ״שׁ בְּלַעַ״ז:
armpits Heb. אצילות, aisseles in French.
מָבוֹא הַשְּׁלִישִׁי. לֹא יָדַעְתִּי הֵיכָן הוּא. וְשֶׁמָּא בְּעֶזְרַת יִשְׂרָאֵל הִיא, לוֹמַר שֶׁהַחֵיל וְעֶזְרַת נָשִׁים לְפָנֶיהָ (משנה סכה ה,ד):
the third entrance I do not know where it is. Perhaps it is in the Israelites’ Court. The appellation “third” is to say that the hel [the wall surrounding the Temple Court], and the Women’s Court are before it.
דּוֹאֵג. יָרֵא:
“I fear” Heb. דֹאֵג.
פֶּן יִתְּנוּ אוֹתִי. הַכַּשְׂדִּים בְּיַד הַיְּהוּדִים, לוֹמַר: מַלְכְּכֶם יְהִי עַבְדְּכֶם עַל שֶׁקְּדַמְתֶּם לְהַשְׁלִים עִמָּנוּ:
lest they deliver me [Lest] the Chaldeans [deliver me] into the hands of the Jews, saying, Your king shall be your slave since you have made peace with us first.
וְהִתְעַלְּלוּ בִי. הַיְּהוּדִים. אִיגְבְּרוֹנְ״ט בְּלַעַ״ז:
and mock me [i. e.,] the Jews [will mock me] (engregier in O.F.), complain.
אַנְשֵׁי שְׁלוֹמֶךָ. נְבִיאֵי הַשֶּׁקֶר, שֶׁאָמְרוּ לְךָ: לֹא תִלָּכֵד:
“Your cohorts” [lit. the men of your peace,] the false prophets, who told you that you would not be caught.
בַּבֹּץ. טִיט, לְשׁוֹן ״הֲיִגְאֶה גֹּמֶא בְּלֹא בִצָּה״ (איוב ח:יא):
into the mire Heb. בבץ, mire, an expression as in (Job 8:11): “Can the rush shoot up without mire (בצה)?”
וְאֶת הָעִיר הַזֹּאת תִּשְׂרֹף בָּאֵשׁ. הֲרֵי אַתָּה כְּאִלּוּ שׂוֹרְפָהּ בְּיָדַיִם, שֶׁאַתָּה גּוֹרֵם לָהּ:
and this city you shall burn with fire It is as though you are burning it with your hands for you are causing it.