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Rashi on Job Chapter 11

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(מענה צופר:) לֹא יֵעָנֶה. מֵאֲחֵרִים, מִפְּנֵי רֹב דְּבָרָיו:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

Zophar’s Answer Should not...be answered by others because of the multitude of his words?

בַּדֶּיךָ. שֶׁאַתָּה בּוֹדֶה מִלִּבְּךָ:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

Your fabrications that you invent from your heart.

מְתִים יַחֲרִישׁוּ. בְּנֵי אָדָם:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

may silence men Heb. מתים, people.

וַתֹּאמֶר. לְהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא: זַךְ לִקְחִי וּבַר הָיִיתִי בְעֵינֶיךָ:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

You said to the Holy One, blessed be He, ‘My doctrine is pure, and I was clean in Your eyes.’

תַּעֲלוּמוֹת חָכְמָה. וְתֵדַע, כִּי כִפְלַיִם לְתוּשִׁיָּה יֵשׁ לַתּוֹרָה, שֶׁלֹּא קִיַּמְתָּ:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

mysteries of wisdom and you would know that the wisdom is double, i.e., the Torah that you did not fulfill.

כִּי יַשֶּׁה. כְּמוֹ ״כִּי תַשֶּׁה בְרֵעֲךָ״ (דברים כד:י), (כְּלוֹמַר) הַרְבֵּה יֵשׁ לוֹ עוֹד חוֹב עָלֶיךָ בְּדִבְרֵי עֲוֹנֶיךָ:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

that [God] lends Heb. ישה, like (Deut.24: 10), “If you lend (תשה) your friend.” He has yet a large debt over you in the matters of your iniquity.

הַחֵקֶר אֱלוֹהַּ תִּמְצָא. שֶׁאַתָּה סָבוּר שֶׁקִּיַּמְתָּ הַכֹּל?

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

Can you find out the mystery of God that you think that you have fulfilled everything?

גָּבְהֵי שָׁמַיִם. דָּבָר שֶׁהוּא גָּבוֹהַּ כְּגָבְהֵי שָׁמַיִם, מַה תִּפְעַל עַתָּה? וַעֲמֻקָּה הִיא הַחָכְמָה מִשְּׁאוֹל:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

[In] the heights of heaven [About] something that is as high as the heights of heaven, what can you do? And the wisdom is deeper than the grave.

מִדָּה. מִדּוּד שֶׁלָּהּ (ס״א מִדָּה שֶׁלָּהּ), וְכָאן הִזְכִּיר מִדּוּד בְּלָשׁוֹן זָכָר (שֶׁלֹּא אָמַר מִדָּתָהּ):

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

its measure Heb. מדה, its measure, but here he mentions measure with a masculine noun (since he did not say, מדתה).

אִם יַחֲלֹף וְיַסְגִּיר. בְּיִסּוּרִין אֶת מִי שֶׁיִּרְצֶה:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

If He passes and confines with pains the one He wishes,

וְיַקְהִיל. כָּל פַּמַלְיָאוֹת שֶׁלּוֹ, לְוַכֵּחַ עַל שֶׁהִסְגִּיר:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

and He assembles all His divine ministers to justify His act in having confined.

וּמִי. בָּהֶן יְשִׁיבֶנּוּ בִּדְבָרִים, לִמְצֹא עָוֶל בְּפָעֳלוֹ? וְאִם מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהַנִּדּוֹן שָׁלֵו וְשָׁקֵט יָמִים רַבִּים, כֵּן דַּרְכּוֹ:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

who among them can hinder Him with words to find injustice in His act? And if because the One being judged is tranquil and silent for many days, that is His way.

כִּי הוּא יָדַע מְתֵי שָׁוְא וַיַּרְא אָוֶן וְלֹא יִתְבּוֹנָן. שֶׁהֵם עוֹשִׂים יָמִים וְשָׁנִים, וְדוֹמֶה כְּמִי שֶׁלֹּא יִתְבּוֹנֵן (יִתְבּוֹנְנוּ), כִּי מַאֲרִיךְ אַפּוֹ:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

For He knows deceitful people; when He sees iniquity, He does not consider it [He sees the iniquity] that they commit for days and years, and it seems as though He does not consider it because He is slow to anger.

וְאִישׁ נָבוּב. חָלוּל, בְּלֹא לֵב, אֲשֶׁר לֹא הֵבִין דַּרְכּוֹ:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

But an empty man a hollow man, without a heart [i.e., understanding], who did not understand His way.

יִלָּבֵב. יִקְנֶה לוֹ לֵב, לָשׁוּב לְבוֹרְאוֹ וּלְפַשְׁפֵּשׁ בְּמַעֲשָׂיו. אוֹ אָדָם אֲשֶׁר הָיָה כְּעַיִר פֶּרֶא ״לִמֻּד מִדְבָּר״ (ירמיה ב:כד), קַל בְּלֹא דַעַת:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

will gain understanding Heb. ילבב, he will gain for himself a heart [i.e., understanding] to return to his Creator and to search through his deeds—or [he will remain] a man who was like a wild donkey, accustomed to the desert, hasty, without sense.

אָדָם יִוָּלֵד. יְלַמֵּד עַצְמוֹ לִהְיוֹת אָדָם חָדָשׁ, כְּסֵדֶר בְּנֵי אָדָם, וִיכַוֵּן דַּרְכּוֹ:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

a man will be born He will teach himself to be a new man according to the order of people, and he will determine his way.

אִם אַתָּה. הָיִיתָ מְכַוֵּן לִבְּךָ אַחַר יִסּוּרִין:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

If you would aim your heart after your pains.

וּפָרַשְׂתָּ אֵלָיו כַּפֶּיךָ. בִּתְחִנָּה:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

and spread out your hands to Him in supplication.

וְתַרְחֵק אָוֶן מִיָּדְךָ, וְאַל תַּשְׁכֵּן בְּאָהָלֶיךָ עַוְלָה:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

Distance iniquity from your hand, and do not allow injustice to dwell in your tents.

כִּי אָז. אִם אַתָּה הָיִיתָ בָּטוּחַ שֶׁתִּשָּׂא פָנֶיךָ מִמּוּם שֶׁתִּגְרֹם לְעַצְמְךָ לָשֵׂאת פָנֶיךָ מִכָּל מוּם (מִתּוֹךְ כָּךְ):

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

For then you would be sure that you could lift your face unblemished, for you would cause yourself to lift your face without any blemish. Because of this...

וְהָיִיתָ מֻצָּק. חָזָק, כְּמוֹ ״מְצוּקֵי אֶרֶץ״ (שמואל א ב:ח):

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

and you shall be strong Heb. מצק, strong, like (I Sam. 2:8), “the pillars of (מצקי) the earth,”

עָמָל תִּשְׁכָּח. וְכָל עָמָל הָיִיתָ שׁוֹכֵחַ:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

and you shall forget all your trouble.

וּכְמַיִם עָבְרוּ. וְחָלְפוּ, כֵּן יִהְיֶה לְךָ כָּל זִכְרוֹן עָמָל:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

like water that has passed and gone by, so shall be the entire memory of your trouble.

וּמִצָּהֳרַיִם יָקוּם חָלֶד. יוֹתֵר מֵאוֹר צָהֳרַיִם יָקוּם לְךָ חֶלֶד – מַזָּל וּזְמַן, כְּמוֹ ״וְחֶלְדִּי כְאַיִן נֶגְדֶּךָ״ (תהילים לט:ו). דָּבָר אַחֵר: יָקוּם חָלֶד כְּמוֹ יָקוּם אוֹר חֲלוּדָה שֶׁלְּךָ, כְּלוֹמַר: שֶׁיִּהְיֶה מְקוֹם אֲפֵלָה מֵאִיר יוֹתֵר מֵאוֹר צָהֳרַיִם. זוֹ שָׁמַעְתִּי, אֲבָל הָרִאשׁוֹן לֹא נִרְאֶה (סא״א):

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

And your luck shall rise more than midday Heb. חלד. More than the light of midday, חֶלֶד shall rise for you, i.e., luck and time, like (Ps. 39:6), “and my age (חלדי) is as nothing before You.” Another explanation: יקום חָלֶד: means, The light of your rust shall rise; i.e., your darkest place shall illuminate more than the light of midday. I heard this, but the first [explanation] does not please me (not found in some editions).

תָּעֻפָה. אֲפֵלָה שֶׁלְּךָ כַּבֹּקֶר תִּהְיֶה. עִנְיָן אַחֵר: תָּעֻפָה לְשׁוֹן ״עַפְעַפֵּי שַׁחַר״ (איוב ג:ט), שֶׁאִם הוּא לְשׁוֹן אֹפֶל, הָיָה לוֹ לוֹמַר: ׳תְּעוּפָה׳, נָקוּד בִּשְׁוָ״א, כְּמוֹ ״תְּנוּפָה״ (שמות כט:כד), ״תְּקוּמָה״ (ויקרא כו:לז), ״תְּרוּמָה״ (שמות כה:ב), ״תְּנוּמָה״ (תהלים קלב:ד):

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

your darkness Heb. תעפה. Your darkness shall be like the morning. Another explanation: תָּעֻפָה is an expression of (3:8) “the rays of (עפעפי) dawn.” Because, if it is an expression of darkness, he should have said, “תעוּפה” like תנוּפה, waving, תקוּמה rising, תרוּמה, raising, תנוּמה, slumber.

וְעֵינֵי רְשָׁעִים. שׂוֹנְאֶיךָ:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

And the eyes of the wicked your enemies,

תִּכְלֶינָה. בִּפְנוֹתָם בְּרָעָתְךָ לִרְאוֹת, וְלֹא יַשִּׂיגוּ (תַּאֲוָתָם). וְכָל ׳כִּלְיוֹן עֵינַיִם׳ שֶׁבִּלְשׁוֹן קֹדֶשׁ, זֶהוּ הַמְּצַפֶּה לִרְאוֹת וְאֵינוֹ מַשִּׂיג, וּכְמוֹ ״וְעֵינֶיךָ רֹאוֹת וְכָלוֹת אֲלֵיהֶם וְגוֹ׳״ (דברים כח:לב):

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

will fail when they turn to your troubles to see, but will not achieve their desire. Every expression of כליון עינים failure of the eyes, in the holy tongue means one who looks forward to see something but does not achieve [his wish], and as (Deut. 28:32) “and languish (כלות) for them etc.”

וּמָנוֹס. הוּא מִבְטָח:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

way to flee Heb. מנוס. That is a refuge

וְתִקְוָתָם. מַה שֶּׁהֵם מְקַוִּים לִרְאוֹת בְּךָ, לְמַפַּח נֶפֶשׁ יִהְיֶה לָהֶם:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

and their hope What they hope to see in you will be intense grief for them.

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