תּוֹגְיוּן. לְשׁוֹן ״תּוּגָה״ (משלי יד:יג):

Job’s Reply will you grieve Heb. תגיון, an expression of grief (תוגה).

ten times There are ten chapters until here.

stay with me I am the one who receives blows for my error.

If indeed you are added upon me to my trouble. and prove against me my reproach You show and prove my reproach to my face.

I cry out concerning violence but I am not answered.

he has uprooted Heb. ויסע, an expression of uprooting.

they build their road Heb. ויסלו, an expression of a highway (מסלה).

became strange Heb. אך זרו, an expression of cruelty.

to the children of my body To those who I raised in my house as though they were my own children.

children despised me I was despised in the eyes of children, all the more so in the eyes of princes.

My bones cleaved because I am emaciated from thickness of flesh.

by the skin of my teeth All his flesh was afflicted with boils and worms except his gums.

With an iron pen they should be inscribed in the rock, and afterwards they run lead over them to give the letters a black appearance, to make them recognizable. This is the practice of those who inscribe on stone. It cannot be explained to mean a lead pen because lead is soft in comparison with stone.

But I know that my Redeemer lives This “vav” refers to the above. You persecute me, but I know that my Redeemer lives to requite you, and He will endure and rise.

and the last on the earth, He will endure After all earth dwellers will perish, He will endure last.

And after my skin, they have cut into this Yet they do not pay heed to my Redeemer, but after the plague of my skin, they cut, strike, and pierce. This vexation and persecution that I mentioned, which is to me like one cutting into my skin, like (Isa. 10:34): “And the thickets of the forests shall be cut off (ונקף).”

and from my flesh I see judgments.

judgment Heb. אלוה, an expression of judgment and chastisements.

Shall you say, ‘Why should we persecute him?’ Like (Deut. 7:17), “Will you say in your heart,” in which [כי] is an expression of a question. That is to say, “Will you lay your heart to the matter to have pity and say, ‘Why should we persecute him?’”

and the root of the matter that is found in him—what is it? This favor will never enter your mind [to determine] the root of the matter for which he suffers with pains.

for the wrath For you are committing much iniquity that will bring about the sword.

in order that you know and understand the secret of the retribution that will come upon the wicked. Also, the mesorah is authoritative and שדין is written, as though it would say that there is justice (שיש דין) in the world, like (Jud. 5:7), “I, Deborah, arose (שַׁקַמְתִּי), [like שֶׁקַמְתִּי].” I saw this in Tanchuma (Mishpatim 3)