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Rashi on Job Chapter 23

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(מענה איוב)

גַּם הַיּוֹם. אַחַר כָּל תַּנְחוּמִין הַלָּלוּ:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

Job’s Reply Even today after all these consolations.

מְרִי שִׂיחִי. בִּמְקוֹמוֹ עוֹמֵד, כִּי אֵין תַּנְחוּם בְּדִבְרֵיכֶם:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

my speech is bitter [The bitterness of my speech] remains in its place, for there is no consolation in your words.

יָדִי כָּבְדָה. מַכַּת נִגְעִי תַּקִּיפָה יוֹתֵר מֵאַנְחָתִי; שֶׁאֵינִי קוֹבֵל וְצוֹעֵק לְפִי מַכָּתִי:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

my wound is heavier The wound of my plague is stronger than my sigh, for I do not complain and cry about my wound.

וְאֶמְצָאֵהוּ. לְשׁוֹפְטִי:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

and I would find Him My Judge.

תְּכוּנָתוֹ. מְכוֹן כִּסְאוֹ:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

the place prepared for Him The place prepared for His throne.

מִשְׁפָּט. הוֹכָחַת דְּבָרִים:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

case [i.e., my] argument.

(אֵדְעָה מִלִּים יַעֲנֵנִי. וְגַם אִם יִסְתֹּם אוֹתִי מִלְּדַבֵּר לְפָנָיו, שֶׁמָּא יְדַבֵּר הוּא עִמִּי, וְאֵדְעָה מִלִּים יַעֲנֵנִי רַבִּי תַּנְחוּמָא (תנחומא, בראשית יג)):

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

I would know the words that He would answer me Even if He stops me from speaking before Him, perhaps He would speak with me and I would know the words He would answer me.

הַבְּרָב כֹּחַ. דְּבָרִים וְתוֹכָחוֹת שֶׁל חֲטָאָיו יָרִיב עִמָּדִי:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

with much power of words and rebukes for His sins [other editions read: my sins] will He contend with me?

לֹא אַךְ. מַכָּה וּכְפִיָּה. לֹא יָשִׂים בִּי אָכְפּוֹ וְאֵימָתוֹ. (וְעוֹד יִפָּתֵר:) לֹא אַךְ הוּא יָשִׂים בִּי, כִּי לֹא יָשִׂים בִּי אַךְ הָרִיב שֶׁל תּוֹכַחַת פְּשָׁעַי, וְלֹא תְשׂוּמוֹת עֲלִילוֹת:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

not...coercion smiting and coercion. He will not cast His coercion and His awe upon me. (It may also be interpreted:) Nothing but [this] will He cast on me, for He will not cast on me anything but the contest of the rebukes for my sins; [that,] but not false accusations.

שָׁם. בִּמְקוֹם רִיבֵנוּ:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

There in the place of our contest.

יָשָׁר. כֹּשֶׁר מִפְעֲלוֹתַי יְהֵא נוֹכָח וְנִגְלֶה וְנִרְאֶה עִמּוֹ, לְפָנָיו:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

integrity The propriety of my deeds will be proven, revealed, and it will appear with Him, i.e., before Him.

נוֹכָח. מוּכָח, וְשָׁם אֲפַלְּטָה לָנֶצַח – כִּי לֹא יִמְצָא בִי עָוֹן:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

proven and there I will extricate [myself] forever because He will find no iniquity in me.

הֵן קֶדֶם. לְמַעְלָה הוּא חוֹזֵר, לְמִי יִתֵּן יָדַעְתִּי וְגוֹ׳:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

Behold...east it refers to the above (verse 3), “Would that I knew etc.”

קֶדֶם. מִזְרָח, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״קֵדְמָה מִזְרָחָה״ (שמות כז:יג):

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

east as it is stated (Exod. 27: 13): “on the east side (קדמה), eastward.”

אָחוֹר. מַעֲרָב. הוֹאִיל וְהַמִּזְרָח – קִדְמַת עוֹלָם, נִמְצָא הַמַּעֲרָב – אֲחוֹרָיו שֶׁל עוֹלָם:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

and to the west Heb. ואחור. Since the east is the front of the world (קדמה), the west is found to be the back of the world (אחור).

שְׂמֹאל. צָפוֹן:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

north Heb. שמאוֹל, lit. left.

בַּעֲשׂוֹתוֹ. כְּשֶׁבְּרָאוֹ, לֹא עָשָׂה מְקוֹם כִּסְאוֹ שָׁם שֶׁאֶרְאֶנּוּ שָׁם:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

when He made it When He created it, He did not make the place of His throne there, that I should see it there.

אָחַז. תַּרְגּוּם שֶׁל ״אֶרְאֶה״ (בראשית כא:טז). וְתֵדַע, שֶׁהַטַּעַם תַּחַת הָאָלֶ״ף; וְאִם לְשׁוֹן אֲחִיזָה הוּא, הָיָה טַעֲמוֹ מִלְּרַע, תַּחַת הַחֵי״ת:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

see Heb. אחז, the Aramaic translation of אֶרְאֶה, I will see. Proof of this is that the accent is under the “aleph.” Now, if it were an expression of holding (אחיזה), the accent would be at the end of the word, under the “cheth.”

יַעֲטֹף יָמִין. כִּסָּה פְּנֵי הַדָּרוֹם בְּפָנָיו, לְמַעַן לֹא אֶרְאֶנּוּ:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

He wraps up the south He covers the face of the south before me in order that I should not see Him.

כִּי יָדַע דֶּרֶךְ וְגוֹ׳. אֲשֶׁר עִמָּדִי מַהוּ, לְפִיכָךְ אֵינוֹ בָּא לָרִיב עִמָּדִי:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

Because He knows the way that is with me therefore, He does not come to contend with me.

בְּחָנַנִי וְגוֹ׳. אֲשֶׁר כַּזָּהָב אֵצֵא אִם יָרִיב עִמָּדִי:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

He has tested me that I will emerge like gold if He contends with me.

בְּאֲשׁוּרוֹ. בְּמַעְגָּלוֹ, כְּמוֹ ״אִם תִּטֶּה אֲשׁוּרִי״ (איוב לא:ז), ״כּוֹנֵן אֲשׁוּרָיו״ (תהלים מ:ג):

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

to His path Heb. באשרו, to His path, like (below 31:7), “If my foot (אשרי) has turned away from the road”; (Ps. 40:3), “He has established my paths (אשרי).”

וְלֹא אָט. אֵינִי רָגִיל לִנְטוֹת:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

and do not turn away I am not accustomed to turn away.

מֵחֻקִּי צָפַנְתִּי אִמְרֵי פִיו. יוֹתֵר מֵחֻקֵּי מְזוֹנוֹתַי הָיִיתִי זָרִיז לִצְפֹּן אִמְרֵי פִיו, כְּמוֹ ״לֶחֶם חֻקִּי״ (משלי ל:ח) – מְזוֹנוֹתַי:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

more than my daily bread I kept the words of His mouth More than my daily food I was eager to keep the words of His mouth. [The expression חקי] is like (Prov. 30:8), “my daily bread (לחם חקי),” my food.

וְהוּא. לְפִי שֶׁהוּא יָחִיד בָּעוֹלָם, וְיוֹדֵעַ דַּעְתָּן וּמַחֲשַׁבְתָּן שֶׁל בְּרִיּוֹת וּמַה יֵּשׁ לָהֶם לְדַבֵּר לְפָנָיו, לְפִיכָךְ תְּשׁוּבוֹת מוּכָנוֹת לְפָנָיו:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

But He Since He is One in the world and knows the knowledge and the thoughts of the creatures, and what they have to reply to Him, therefore replies are prepared before Him.

וּמִי יְשִׁיבֶנּוּ. לְפִיכָךְ נַפְשׁוֹ אִוְּתָה וַיָּעַשׂ:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

and who will answer Him Therefore, what His soul desires, He does.

כִּי יַשְׁלִים חֻקִּי. יָדַעְתִּי כִּי לֹא יָשִׁיב יָדוֹ עַד אֲשֶׁר יַשְׁלִים חֹק גְּזֵרוֹתָיו – פֻּרְעָנִיּוֹת אֲשֶׁר גָּזַר עָלַי:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

For He will complete my sentence I know that He will not draw back His hand until He completes the sentence of His decrees, the retribution that He has decreed against me.

וְכָהֵנָּה רַבּוֹת עִמּוֹ. כִּי כָהֵנָּה רַבּוֹת עָשָׂה:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

and there are many such things with Him For He did many such things.

עַל כֵּן. שֶׁאֵינוֹ גּוֹמֵל לָאָדָם כְּפִי דְרָכָיו:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

Therefore Since He does not requite man according to his ways.

מִפָּנָיו אֶבָּהֵל. וּכְשֶׁאֶתְבּוֹנֵן בִּדְרָכָיו, אֶפְחַד מִמֶּנּוּ:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

I am startled by Him and when I ponder His ways, I am frightened of Him.

כִּי לֹא נִצְמַתִּי מִפְּנֵי חֹשֶׁךְ. בָּזֹאת אֲנִי נִבְהָל, כִּי לֹא נִצְמַתִּי לַחֲלוּטִין וּצְמִיתוּת קֶבֶר מִפְּנֵי הַחֹשֶׁךְ הַזֶּה הַבָּא עָלַי; וְכֵן לֹא כִסָּה מִפָּנַי אֶת הָאֹפֶל הַזֶּה עַד מוֹתִי:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

Because I was not cut off from before the darkness Because of this I am startled; because I was not completely cut off and laid permanently in the grave before this darkness that has come upon me, and because He did not cover this thick darkness from before me until my death.

וּמִפָּנַי כִּסָּה אֹפֶל. עַל כִּי לֹא שֶׁבְּרֹאשׁ הַפָּסוּק, חוֹזֵר:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

and [because He did not] cover the thick darkness from before me This refers back to “because not” at the beginning of the verse.

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