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Rashi on Psalms Chapter 104

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עוֹטֶה אוֹר. בָּרָקִיעַ כַּשַּׂלְמָה:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

[You] enwrap Yourself with light in the sky like a garment.

עוֹשֶׂה מַלְאָכָיו רוּחוֹת. עוֹשֶׂה אֶת הָרוּחוֹת שְׁלוּחָיו:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

He makes winds His messengers lit. He makes His messengers winds. He makes the wind His messengers.

תְּהוֹם כַּלְּבוּשׁ כִּסִּיתוֹ. זֶה דּוּגְמַת הָאָמוּר בְּמָקוֹם אַחֵר: ״בְּשׂוּמִי עָנָן לְבוּשׁוֹ וְגוֹ׳״ (איוב לח:ט):

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

You covered the deep as [with] a garment This is similar to what is said elsewhere (Job 38: 9): “When I made the cloud its raiment, etc.”

תְּהוֹם. הוּא הַיָּם:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

the deep That is the sea.

עַל הָרִים יַעַמְדוּ. מֵי אוֹקְיָינוֹס גָּבוֹהַּ מִכָּל הָעוֹלָם עוֹמֵד עַל הֶהָרִים, וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר (עמוס ה:ח, ט:ו) ״הַקּוֹרֵא לְמֵי הַיָּם וַיִּשְׁפְּכֵם עַל פְּנֵי הָאָרֶץ״. אֵין שְׁפִיכָה אֶלָּא מִלְמַעְלָה לְמַטָּה:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

the waters stand on the mountains The waters of the ocean are higher than the whole world. They stand on the mountains, and so Scripture states (Amos 5:8, 9:6): “He who calls the water of the sea and pours it upon the face of the earth.” Pouring denotes only [pouring] from above downward.

מִן גַּעֲרָתְךָ יְנוּסוּן. כְּשֶׁאָמַרְתָּ (בראשית א:ט) ״יִקָּווּ הַמַּיִם״, וּמֵאוֹתוֹ הַקּוֹל יֵחָפֵזוּן וְנִקְווּ אֶל מָקוֹם אֲשֶׁר יִסַּדְתָּ לָהֶם:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

From Your rebuke they fled When You said (Gen. 1:9): “Let the waters gather.” And from that voice they hastened away and gathered in the place that You founded for them.

גְּבוּל שַׂמְתָּ. לָהֶם הַחוֹל אֲשֶׁר סָבִיב שְׂפָתוֹ:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

You set a boundary for them, viz. the sand that is around its shore.

עֲלֵיהֶם עוֹף הַשָּׁמַיִם יִשְׁכּוֹן. עַל הַמַּעְיָנוֹת:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

Beside them the fowl of the heavens dwell Beside the springs.

מִבֵּין עֳפָאיִם. עַנְפֵי אִילָנוֹת, וְכֵן ״עָפְיֵּהּ שַׁפִּיר״ (דניאל ד:ט):

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

from between the branches Heb. עפאים, the branches of the trees, and so (Dan. 4:11): “its branches were (עפיה) beautiful.”

מַצְמִיחַ חָצִיר וְגוֹ׳. וְיַיִן אֲשֶׁר יְשַׂמַּח לְבַב אֱנוֹשׁ גַּם אוֹתוֹ יוֹצִיא מִן הָאָרֶץ, וְשֶׁמֶן לְהַצְהִיל בּוֹ פָּנִים:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

And wine which cheers man’s heart, that too He brings forth from the earth, and oil to cause the face to radiate.

וְלֶחֶם. אֲשֶׁר לֵב אֱנוֹשׁ יִסְעָד:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

and bread which sustains man’s heart.

עֲצֵי ה׳. בְּגַן עֵדֶן (בראשית רבה טו, א):

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

The Lord’s trees in the Garden of Eden.

צִפֳּרִים יְקַנֵּנוּ. יִשְׂרָאֵל יִשְׁכְּנוּ שָׁם:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

birds nest Israel will dwell there.

יְקַנֵּנוּ. לְשׁוֹן ״קַן צִפּוֹר״ (דברים כב:ו):

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

יְקַנֵנוּ is an expression of a bird’s nest (קן צפור).

הָרִים הַגְּבֹהִים. בָּרָא לַיְּעֵלִים:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

The lofty mountains He created for the ibexes.

מַחְסֶה. כָּל לְשׁוֹן מַחְסֶה לְשׁוֹן צֵל וּמַחְבָּא, שֶׁאָדָם מִתְכַּסֶּה שָׁם מִן הַזֶּרֶם וּמִן הַמָּטָר (ישעיהו כה:ד). אַבְרִ״י בְּלַעַ״ז:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

shelter Every expression of מַחְסֶה is an expression of a shadow and a hiding place, where a person covers himself from flood and rain.

לְמוֹעֲדִים. לִמְנוֹת בּוֹ זְמַנִּים וּרְגָלִים (ראש השנה כה.):

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

He made the moon for the appointed seasons To count with it the times and the festivals.

שֶׁמֶשׁ יָדַע מְבוֹאוֹ. אֲבָל יָרֵחַ לֹא יָדַע מְבוֹאוֹ, פְּעָמִים שֶׁבָּא בַּאֲרֻכָּה, פְּעָמִים שֶׁבָּא בַּקְּצָרָה (ראש השנה כה.):

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

the sun knows its setting But the moon does not know its setting, because sometimes it comes through a long way and sometimes it comes through a short way.

תָּשֶׁת חֹשֶׁךְ וִיהִי לָיְלָה. בְּכָל יוֹם אַתָּה מַחְשִׁיךְ וּמַעֲרִיב אֶת הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ וְהָיָה לָיְלָה, וּבּוֹ תִּרְמֹשׂ כָּל חַיְתוֹ יָעַר:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

You make darkness and it is night Every day You darken and block out the sun and it becomes night, when all the beasts of the forest move about.

תִּזְרַח הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ יֵאָסֵפוּן. בַּמִּסְתָּרִים וְנֶחְבָּאִים שָׁם מִבְּנֵי אָדָם, וְאָז כָּל אָדָם יוֹצֵא לְפָעֳלוֹ:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

When the sun rises they gather in into the secret places and hide there from the sons of men; then every man goes forth to his work.

קִנְיָנֶךָ. מִקְנֵה קִנְיָן שֶׁלְּךָ, כְּמוֹ ״קוֹנֵה שָׁמַיִם וָאָרֶץ״ (בראשית יד:יט). הַכֹּל קָנוּי לְךָ:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

Your possessions Heb. קנינך, the acquisition that you have acquired, like (Gen. 14:19): “Owner (קנה) of heaven and earth.” All is acquired by You.

וּרְחַב יָדָיִם. רָחָב מָקוֹם, לְרֵיי״שׁ בְּלַעַ״ז:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

and wide Heb. ורחב ידים. Wide of place, large in French, broad.

לְשַׂחֶק בּוֹ. שָׁלֹשׁ שָׁעוֹת בַּיּוֹם, כָּךְ אָמְרוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ בְּמַסֶּכֶת עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה (עבודה זרה ג:), וְכָךְ מְפֹרָשׁ בְּסֵפֶר אִיּוֹב: ״הֲתְשַׂחֶק בּוֹ כַּצִּפּוֹר״ (איוב מ:כט):

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

with which to sport three hours during the day. So did our Sages say in tractate Avodah Zarah (3b), and so it is written explicitly in the Book of Job (40:29): “Will you play with him like a bird?”

תּוֹסֵף רוּחָם. לְשׁוֹן כִּלָּיוֹן, כְּמוֹ ״סָפוּ תַמּוּ״ (תהלים עג:יט):

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

You gather in their spirit Heb. תסף, an expression of destruction, as (above 73:19): “They were completely consumed (ספו).”

תְּשַׁלַּח רוּחֲךָ. בִּתְחִיַּת הַמֵּתִים:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

You will send forth Your spirit with the resurrection of the dead.

יִגַּע בֶּהָרִים וְיֶעֱשָׁנוּ. כְּמוֹ שֶׁמְּפֹרָשׁ בְּסִינַי: ״וְהַר סִינַי עָשַׁן כֻּלּוֹ״ (שמות יט:יח):

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

He touches the mountains and they emit smoke as is depicted of Sinai (Exod. 19:18): “And Mount Sinai was all in smoke.”

בְּעוֹדִי. כְּמוֹ ״בְּעוֹדֶנִּי חַי״ (דברים לא:כז):

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

as long as I exist Heb. בעדי, like (Deut. 31:27): “When I am still (בעודני) alive.”

יִתַּמּוּ חַטָּאִים. חוֹטְאִים (ברכות י.):

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

Sinners will be destroyed Heb. חטאים, sinners [rather than sins, but see Tal. Ber. 10a].

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