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Rashi on Psalms Chapter 133

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שִׁיר וְגוֹ׳ הִנֵּה מַה טּוֹב וּמַה נָּעִים שֶׁבֶת אַחִים גַּם יָחַד. כְּשֶׁיֵּשֵׁב הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא בְּבֵית הַבְּחִירָה עִם יִשְׂרָאֵל הַקְּרוּיִין אַחִים וְרֵעִים (שיר השירים ה:א), וְיִהְיֶה גַּם הוּא יַחַד עִמָּהֶם:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

Behold how good and how pleasant it is for brothers also to dwell together When the Holy One, blessed be He, will dwell in the Temple with Israel, who are called brothers and friends, and He too will be together with them.

כַּשֶּׁמֶן הַטּוֹב. שֶׁנִּמְשַׁח בּוֹ אַהֲרֹן הַכֹּהֵן:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

As the good oil with which Aaron the priest was anointed.

שֶׁיּוֹרֵד. מֵרֹאשׁוֹ אֶל זְקָנוֹ אֶל פִּי רֹאשׁ הַכֻּתֹּנֶת שֶׁלּוֹ, שֶׁהַזָּקָן שׁוֹכֵב עַל פִּי הַכֻּתֹּנֶת. כֵּן נָעִים טַל חֶרְמוֹן שֶׁגָּבוֹהַּ עַל הַרְרֵי צִיּוֹן, וְהַטַּל יוֹרֵד מֵחֶרְמוֹן לְהַרְרֵי צִיּוֹן. כְּשֵׁם שֶׁשֶּׁמֶן הַמִּשְׁחָה לִגְדֻלָּה, כָּךְ הַר צִיּוֹן לְתִפְאֶרֶת וּלְכָבוֹד לְיִשְׂרָאֵל. כַּשֶּׁמֶן הַטּוֹב כֵּן טַל חֶרְמוֹן. כָּזֶה כֵּן זֶה, כְּמוֹ ״וְהָיָה כָעָם כַּכֹּהֵן״ (הושע ד:ט). וְרַבּוֹתֵינוּ דָּרְשׁוּ שֶׁבֶת אַחִים, מֹשֶׁה וְאַהֲרֹן לְעִנְיַן מְעִילָה בְּשֶׁמֶן הַמִּשְׁחָה בְּמַסֶּכֶת הוֹרָיוֹת (הוריות יב.) כָּל הַמִּזְמוֹר. אֲבָל יֵשׁ בְּדִבְרֵי תוֹרָה וְקַבָּלָה מָשָׁל וּמְלִיצָה וְדִבְרֵי חֲכָמִים וְחִידוֹתָם, וְעִקַּר שִׁיר הַמַּעֲלוֹת עַל בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ נֶאֱמַר:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

which runs down from his head to his beard, to the mouth of his tunic, for the beard rests on the mouth of the tunic. So is the dew of Hermon, which is high, pleasant on the mountains of Zion. Just as the anointing oil is for greatness, so is the dew of Zion for glory and distinction for Israel. Just as the good oil is so, so is the dew of Hermon. Like this, so is that, like (Isa. 24:2): “as with the people, so with the priest.” Our Rabbis explained “for brothers to dwell” as concerning Moses and Aaron, regarding unlawful use of the anointment oil, in tractate Horioth (12a) the entire psalm. But [there is], in words of Torah and post- Mosaic Scriptures, an allegory and a figure, and [in the] words of the wise and their riddles, but the primary meaning of the song of ascents is that it was said regarding the Temple.

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