Rashi on Psalms Chapter 30
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שִׁיר חֲנֻכַּת הַבַּיִת. שֶׁיֹּאמְרוּהוּ הַלְוִיִּם בַּחֲנֻכַּת הַבַּיִת בִּימֵי שְׁלֹמֹה:
A song of dedication of the House which the Levites will say at the dedication of the House in the days of Solomon.
אֲרוֹמִמְךָ ה׳ כִּי דִלִּיתָנִי. הִגְבַּהְתָּנִי:
I will exalt You, O Lord, for You have raised me up Heb. דליתני, You have lifted me on high.
וְלֹא שִׂמַּחְתָּ אוֹיְבַי לִי. כְּמוֹ עָלַי, שֶׁהָיוּ אוֹמְרִים: אֵין לְדָוִד חֵלֶק לָעוֹלָם הַבָּא, וּכְשֶׁרָאוּ שֶׁבִּשְׁבִילוֹ נִפְתְּחוּ הַדְּלָתוֹת לָאָרוֹן, אָז יָדְעוּ שֶׁמָּחַל לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עַל אוֹתוֹ עָוֹן, וְנֶהֶפְכוּ פְּנֵי שׂוֹנְאֵי דָוִד כְּשׁוּלֵי קְדֵרָה (שבת ל.):
and You have not allowed my enemies to rejoice over me Heb. לי, like עלי, over me, for they would say, “David has no share in the world to come,” but when they saw that the doors opened for the Ark because of me, then they knew that the Holy One, blessed be He, had forgiven me for that sin, and the faces of David’s enemies became as black as the bottom of a pot.
וַתִּרְפָּאֵנִי. הִיא סְלִיחַת עָוֹן, כְּמוֹ ״וְשָׁב וְרָפָא לוֹ״ (ישעיהו ו:י):
and You have healed me That is the forgiving of iniquity, as (in Isa. 6:10), “and he repent and be healed.”
מִיָּרְדֵי בוֹר. כְּמוֹ מִירִידָתִי לַבּוֹר, שֶׁלֹּא אֵרֵד לַגֵּיהִנֹּם:
from my descent into the Pit, etc. Heb. מירדי, like מִיְרִדָתִי, from my descent into the Pit, that I should not descend into Gehinnom.
זַמְּרוּ לַה׳ חֲסִידָיו. עַל מָה שֶׁעָשָׂה לִי, כִּי יְכוֹלִים אַתֶּם לַחֲסוֹת בּוֹ שֶׁיֵּיטִיב לָכֶם; וַאֲפִלּוּ אַתֶּם שְׁרוּיִים בְּצַעַר, אַל תִּירָאוּ:
Sing to the Lord, His pious ones about what He did for me, because you can take refuge in Him, and He will benefit you; and even if you are experiencing pain, have no fear.
כִּי רֶגַע. קָטָן בְּאַפּוֹ:
For...but a moment [For] His wrath lasts but a short [moment];
חַיִּים בִּרְצוֹנוֹ. וְחַיִּים אֲרֻכִּים יֵשׁ בְּהֵרָצוֹתוֹ וּבְהִפָּיְסוֹ (ברכות ז.):
life results from His favor, there is long life in appeasing and placating Him.
וַאֲנִי אָמַרְתִּי בְשַׁלְוִי. בְּשַׁלְוָתִי הָיִיתִי חוֹשֵׁב לֹא אֶמּוֹט לְעוֹלָם, אֲבָל אֵין הַדָּבָר בִּרְשׁוּתִי כִּי אִם בִּרְשׁוּתוֹ שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא: בִּרְצוֹנוֹ הֶעֱמִיד אֶת הֲרָרִי, אֶת גְּדֻלָּתִי, לִהְיוֹת עֹז, וְכֵיוָן שֶׁהִסְתִּיר פָּנָיו מִמֶּנִּי, מִיָּד הָיִיתִי נִבְהָל:
And I said in my tranquility In my tranquility, I thought that I would never falter. However, the matter is not in my power, but in the power of the Holy One, blessed be He. With His will, He set up my mountain, my greatness to be [my] mightbut when He hid His countenance from me, I was immediately frightened.
אֵלֶיךָ ה׳ אֶקְרָא וְגוֹ׳ וְאֶתְחַנָּן. תָּמִיד לֵאמֹר לְפָנֶיךָ: מַה בֶּצַע בְּדָמִי וְגוֹ׳, וְאַתָּה שָׁמַעְתָּ קוֹלִי וְהָפַכְתָּ מִסְפְּדִי לְמָחוֹל לִי:
To You, O Lord, I would call I would call to You and supplicate constantly, saying before You: “What gain is there in my blood, etc.,” and You heard my voice and turned my lament into dancing for me.
פִּתַּחְתָּ. אֵלַאקְ״שׁ בְּלַעַ״ז, כְּמוֹ (בראשית כד:לב) ״וַיְפַתַּח אֶת הַגְּמַלִּים״, וְרַבּוֹתֵינוּ דָּרְשׁוּ כָּל הַמִּזְמוֹר עַל מָרְדְּכַי וְאֶסְתֵּר וְהָמָן, בִּפְסִיקְתָּא זוּטָא (פסיקתא זוטרתא):
You loosened Heb. פתחת, alachas in Old French, to release, like (Gen. 24:32): “and he untied (ויפתח) the camels.” Our Sages, however, explained the entire psalm as referring to Mordecai, Esther, and Haman, in Pesikta Zuta.
וַאֲנִי אָמַרְתִּי בְשַׁלְוִי, אָמַר הָמָן. אֵלֶיךָ ה׳ אֶקְרָא, אָמְרָה אֶסְתֵּר וְכוּ׳ עַד הָיָה עוֹזֵר לִי. הָפַכְתָּ מִסְפְּדִי לְמָחוֹל לִי, אָמַר מָרְדֳּכַי וְכָל יִשְׂרָאֵל:
and I said in my tranquility Haman said this. To You, O Lord, I would call Esther said this etc. until “be my helper.” You turned my lament into dancing for me Mordecai and all Israel said this.