Rashi on Psalms Chapter 34
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בְּשַׁנּוֹתוֹ אֶת טַעְמוֹ. כְּעִנְיָן שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמואל א כא:יד) ״וַיְתָו עַל דַּלְתוֹת הַשַּׁעַר וְגוֹ׳ וַיְשַׁנּוּ אֶת טַעְמוֹ בְּעֵינֵיהֶם״, שֶׁשִּׁנָּה דְּבָרוֹ וְטַעְמוֹ וְעָשָׂה עַצְמוֹ שׁוֹטֶה וְהוֹרִיד רִירוֹ עַל זְקָנוֹ (ס״א אינו):
when he disguised his sanity as the matter that is stated (in I Sam. 21:14): “And he changed his speech before their eyes, etc. And he scribbled upon the doors of the gates.” That he disguised his speech and his sanity and feigned madness and let his saliva run down upon his beard.
לִפְנֵי אֲבִימֶלֶךְ. כָּךְ כָּל מַלְכֵי פְלִשְׁתִּים נִקְרָאִים, וְכָל מַלְכֵי מִצְרַיִם פַּרְעֹה. וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁשְּׁמוֹ אָכִישׁ, קוֹרִין לוֹ אֲבִימֶלֶךְ. וּמִדְרַשׁ אַגָּדָה: שֶׁהָיָה צַדִּיק כַּאֲבִימֶלֶךְ (בראשית כ) שֶׁלֹּא רָצָה לְהָרְגוֹ, וַאֲנָשָׁיו אוֹמְרִים לוֹ ״הֲלֹא זֶה דָּוִד מֶלֶךְ הָאָרֶץ״ (שמואל א כא:יב), כִּדְאִיתָא בְּמִדְרַשׁ תְּהִלִּים:
before Abimelech All Philistine kings were called thus, and all Egyptian kings [were called] Pharaoh. Although his name was Achish, he was called Abimelech. The Midrash Aggadah explains that he was as righteous as Abimelech (mentioned in the Torah in relation to Sarah), for he did not want to kill him although his men said to him, “Is this not David, the king of the land?” As is stated in Midrash Psalms (34:1).
בַּה׳ תִּתְהַלֵּל נַפְשִׁי. מִתְפָּאֵר אֲנִי וּמִתְהַלֵּל שֶׁיֵּשׁ לִי פַּטְרוֹן כָּזֶה לְהוֹשִׁיעַ וּלְהָגֵן:
My soul boasts of the Lord I boast, and praise myself that I have a patron like this to save me and protect me.
תִּתְהַלֵּל נַפְשִׁי. שֶׁפּוֹרְוְונְטְרָ״א בְּלַעַ״ז:
I will boast. Se porvantera in French.
יִשְׁמְעוּ עֲנָוִים. נִפְלָאוֹת שֶׁעָשָׂה לִי, מִתּוֹךְ מַהֲלָלִי יָבִינוּ אוֹתָם וְיִשְׂמָחוּ:
may the humble hear the wonders that He did for me. Through my praise, they will understand it and rejoice.
מְגוּרוֹתַי. לְשׁוֹן פַּחַד, כְּמוֹ ״וַיָּגָר מוֹאָב״ (במדבר כב:ג):
my terrors Heb. מגורותי, an expression of fear, as (in Num. 22:3): “and Moab became terrified (ויגר) .”
הִבִּיטוּ אֵלָיו. כָּל אוֹתָם שֶׁהִבִּיטוּ אֵלָיו מִתּוֹךְ צָרָתָם:
They looked to Him All those who looked to Him out of their trouble.
וְנָהָרוּ. הֵאִירוּ פְנֵיהֶם:
and they became radiant Their faces shone.
יֶחְפָּרוּ. יִתְבַּיְּשׁוּ, כְּמוֹ ״וְחָפְרָה הַלְּבָנָה וּבוֹשָׁה הַחַמָּה״ (ישעיהו כד:כג):
be ashamed Heb. יחפרו, they will be ashamed, as (in Isa. 24:23): “And the moon shall be ashamed (וחפרה) and the sun shall be abashed.”
טַעֲמוּ וּרְאוּ כִּי טוֹב ה׳. טַעֲמוּ דְּבָרוֹ:
Comprehend and see that the Lord is good Comprehend His word.
יִרְאוּ. יִהְיוּ יְרֵאִים, לְשׁוֹן צִוּוּי:
Fear Heb. יראו. Be afraid, the imperative form.
רָשׁוּ. לְשׁוֹן דַּלּוּת:
suffer want Heb. רשו, an expression of poverty.
כָּל טוֹב. נִיסוֹ״ן בִּי״ן בְּלַעַ״ז, כְּמוֹ ״כָּל מְלָאכָה״ (שמות יב:טז):
no good Heb. כל טוב, nient bon, any good, as (in Exod. 12:16): “any work (כל-מלאכה).”
בַּקֵּשׁ שָׁלוֹם. בִּמְקוֹמְךָ:
seek peace in your place.
וְרָדְפֵהוּ. בְּמָקוֹם אַחֵר (תנחומא, חקת כב):
and pursue it elsewhere.
פְּנֵי. פָּנִים שֶׁל זַעַם לִישַׁאיְרָא״שׁ בְּלַעַ״ז, כְּמוֹ (ויקרא כ:ה) ״וְשַׂמְתִּי פָנַי בָּאִישׁ הַהוּא״, כָּךְ חִבְּרוֹ מְנַחֵם:
The face of the Lord His angry face, les ires in Old French, ire, as (in Lev. 20:5): “And I will direct My face, etc.” So did Menachem (p. 143) associate it.
צָעֲקוּ. הַצַּדִּיקִים וַה׳ שָׁמֵעַ:
They cry out i.e., the righteous, and the Lord hearkens.
רַבּוֹת רָעוֹת צַדִּיק. הַרְבֵּה רָעוֹת וּפְחָדִים בָּאוֹת עָלָיו, וּמִכֻּלָּם נִצּוֹל:
Many evils befall the righteous Many evils and terrors befall him, and he is saved from all of them.
שׁוֹמֵר. הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא כָּל עַצְמוֹתָיו:
He guards The Holy One, blessed be He, [guards] all his bones.
תְּמוֹתֵת רָשָׁע רָעָה. תְּמוֹתֵת אֶת הָרָשָׁע הָרָעָה שֶׁהוּא עוֹשֶׂה:
Evil will kill the wicked The evil that the wicked man does will kill him.
תְּמוֹתֵת. תָּמִית:
will kill Heb. תמותת, [equivalent to] תמית.
לֹא יֶאְשְׁמוּ. לֹא יִתְחָרְטוּ לֵאמֹר: אָשַׁמְנוּ שֶׁחָסִינוּ בְּךָ; רִיפוֹנְטִירוֹנְ״ט בְּלַעַ״ז:
shall not be accounted guilty They will not regret saying, “We are guilty, because we took shelter in You.” Repontiront in Old French, se repentiront: they repent.