Rashi on Psalms Chapter 75
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אַל תַּשְׁחֵת. אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל (שו״ט עה:א):
al tashcheth [lit. do not destroy] Israel.
הוֹדִינוּ לְךָ אֱלֹהִים. עַל הַטּוֹבָה הוֹדִינוּ אַף עַל הָרָעָה, וְקָרוֹב בְּפִינוּ שִׁמְךָ תָּמִיד (ברכות נד.):
We have thanked You, O God for the good; we have thanked also for the evil. and...is near Your name is always near in our mouth.
סִפְּרוּ. דּוֹרוֹתֵינוּ נִפְלְאוֹתֶיךָ תָּמִיד:
they have told Our generations [have] constantly [told] Your wonders.
כִּי אֶקַּח מוֹעֵד. כְּשֶׁיֵּשׁ לָנוּ יוֹם טוֹב, אֵין אָנוּ עֲסוּקִים בְּנִבּוּל פֶּה וְקַלּוּת רֹאשׁ:
When I take a festive day When we have a festival, we do not engage in obscenity and levity, as [do] all the nations.
אֲנִי מֵישָׁרִים אֶשְׁפֹּט. אָנוּ נוֹתְנִין אֶל לִבֵּנוּ לְהַלֶּלְךָ וּלְשַׁבֵּחֲךָ מֵעֵין הַמְּאֹרָע לַיּוֹם:
I shall judge with fairness We take it to our heart to praise You and laud You according to the incident of that day.
נְמוֹגִים אֶרֶץ וְכָל יוֹשְׁבֶיהָ וְגוֹ׳. בְּיוֹם מַתַּן תּוֹרָה, כְּשֶׁהָיוּ נְמוֹגִים הָאָרֶץ וְכָל יוֹשְׁבֶיהָ מִתְּנַאי שֶׁהִתְנֵיתָ עִם מַעֲשֵׂה בְרֵאשִׁית (שבת פח.): אִם לֹא יְקַבְּלוּ וְכוּ׳ תַּחְזְרוּ לְתֹהוּ וָבֹהוּ:
When the earth and all its inhabitants were melting away, etc. On the day of the giving of the Torah, when the earth and all its inhabitants were melting away because of the condition You made with the Creation: that if Israel did not accept the Torah, you would return it [the earth] to void and chaos.
תִּכַּנְתִּי עַמּוּדֶיהָ. כְּשֶׁאָמַרְתִּי: ״נַעֲשֶׂה וְנִשְׁמַע״ (שמות כד:ז):
I Your people, Israel. established its pillars when I said, “We will do and we will hear.”
לַהוֹלְלִים. לָרְשָׁעִים הַמְעַרְבְּבִים אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל:
to the perverse To the wicked, who confuse Israel.
כִּי לֹא מִמּוֹצָא. הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ וּמִמַּעֲרָבוֹ, וְלֹא מִן הַמִּדְבָּרוֹת שֶׁאַתֶּם מְפָרְשִׂים בְּשַׁיָּרָא לְהַרְבּוֹת מָמוֹן, לֹא בְכָל אֵלֶּה לְהָרִים קֶרֶן:
For it is not from the east of the sun or from its setting, and not from the deserts where you embark on a journey by caravan to increase [your] property; there is no power in any of these to raise [your] horn.
כִּי אֱלֹהִים שׁוֹפֵט. עַל כָּל הָרָעָה שֶׁעֲשִׂיתֶם:
But God judges [you] for all the evil that you have done.
זֶה יַשְׁפִּיל וְזֶה יָרִים. הַגְּבוֹהִים יַשְׁפִּיל וְהַנְּמוּכִים יָרִים (תנחומא, מטות ט):
He humbles this one and elevated that one The elevated one He lowers, and the lowly He elevates.
כִּי כוֹס. הַתַּרְעֵלָה בְּיָדוֹ:
For a cup of weakness is in His hand.
וְיַיִן חָמַר. חָזָק, וִינוֹ״שׁ בְּלַעַ״ז:
and strong wine Heb. חמר, strong. Vinos, or vinose, in Old French.
מָלֵא מֶסֶךְ. הַכּוֹס מָלֵא מֶזֶג, לִמְזֹג וּלְהַשְׁקוֹת אֶת כָּל הַגּוֹיִם:
a full mixture The cup is full of a mixture, to mix and give all the nations to drink.
וַיַּגֵּר מִזֶּה. מִזֶּה הַכּוֹס יָפִיץ וְיִקְלַח אֶת מִשְׁתֵּיהֶם, לְשׁוֹן ״כְּמַיִם מֻגָּרִים״ (מיכה א:ד):
and He pours out of this Out of this cup, He will pour and cause to gush forth their drinks, an expression of (Micah 1:4): “as water poured (מגרים) down a steep place.”
וַאֲנִי אַגִּיד לְעוֹלָם. מֵאָז וָהָלְאָה, אֶת נִקְמָתוֹ וּגְבוּרָתוֹ:
And I shall recite forever From then on, [I will recite] His vengeance and His might.
וְכָל קַרְנֵי רְשָׁעִים. שֶׁל עֲמָלֶק:
And all the horns of the wicked of Esau.
אֲגַדֵּעַ. כְּעִנְיָן שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (יחזקאל כה:יד) ״וְנָתַתִּי אֶת נִקְמָתִי בֶאֱדוֹם בְּיַד עַמִּי יִשְׂרָאֵל, יִשְׂרָאֵל יְגַדְּעוּ קֶרֶן עֲמָלֵק וְגוֹ׳״, וְאָז תְּרוֹמַמְנָה קַרְנוֹת צַדִּיק שֶׁל עוֹלָם יִשְׂרָאֵל, שֶׁהֵם שִׁבְחוֹ שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא:
I shall cut off As the matter that is stated (Ezek. 29: 14): “And I shall lay My vengeance against Edom by the hand of My people, Israel.” They will cut off the horn of Esau (the enemy), and then the horns of the Righteous One of the world—Israel, who are the praise of the Holy One, blessed be Hewill be upraised.