Rashi on Zechariah Chapter 10
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שַׁאֲלוּ מֵה׳ מָטָר. אִם תִּצְטָרְכוּ:
Request rain from the Lord if you need it.
חֲזִיזִים. עֲנָנִים מְבִיאִים מָטָר:
rain-clouds Clouds that bring rain
לְאִישׁ עֵשֶׂב בַּשָּׂדֶה. בִּשְׁבִיל אִישׁ אֶחָד וּבִשְׁבִיל עֵשֶׂב אֶחָד הַצָּרִיךְ לְמָטָר (תענית ט:):
for each person, grass in the field For one man and for one grass that requires rain.
כִּי הַתְּרָפִים. וְהַקּוֹסְמִים חָזוּ שֶׁקֶר וְהַחֲלוֹמוֹת אֲשֶׁר הִטְעוּ אֶת אֲבוֹתֵיכֶם ״לֵאמֹר חָלַמְתִּי״ (ירמיה כג:כה) וְהָיוּ מַחֲזִיקִים יְדֵיהֶם לִמְרֹד בְּהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, דִּבְּרוּ אָוֶן וְהֶבֶל דִּבְּרוּ לֵאמֹר ״שָׁלוֹם וְאֵין שָׁלוֹם״ (ירמיה ו:יד):
For the teraphim, etc., and the soothsayers envisioned lies, and dreamers who misled your forefathers, saying, “I dreamt.” They would encourage [your forefathers] to rebel against the Holy One, blessed be He. They spoke futility, and they spoke vanity, saying “peace” - but there was no peace.
עַל כֵּן נָסְעוּ. אֲבָל אֲנִי נָבִיא לָהֶם בֶּאֱמֶת:
Therefore, they traveled. I, however, am a true prophet for them.
יַעֲנוּ. יִתְכַּנְּעוּ, כְּמוֹ ״לֵעָנֹת מִפְּנֵי״ (שמות י:ג) – לְשׁוֹן עֹנִי:
they were humbled “to humble yourself before Me.” An expression of humility.
עַל הָרֹעִים חָרָה אַפִּי. עַל מַלְכֵי נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר וְסַנְחֵרִיב (נוסח אחר: מַלְכֵי יָוָן):
My wrath is kindled against the shepherds Against the kings of Greece.
וְעַל הָעַתּוּדִים. עַל שָׂרֵיהֶם, וְכֵן תִּרְגֵּם יוֹנָתָן: ״וְעַל מַלְכַיָּא הֲוָה רוּגְזִי וְעַל שָׁלְטָנַיָּא אֲנָא מְסָעֵר״. וְעוֹבְדֵי כּוֹכָבִים וּמַזָּלוֹת נִמְשְׁלוּ לַעֲתוּדִים: ״וְהַצָּפִיר הַשָּׂעִיר מֶלֶךְ יָָוָן״ (דניאל ח:כא). וְהָרוֹצֶה לְפָרֵשׁ הָעִנְיָן שֶׁלֹּא בְּמַלְכֵי עוֹבְדֵי כּוֹכָבִים וּמַזָּלוֹת יֹאמַר: עַתּוּדִים – לְשׁוֹן שָׂרִים, כְּמוֹ ״עוֹרֵר לְךָ רְפָאִים כָּל עַתּוּדֵי אָרֶץ״ (ישעיה יד:ט):
upon the goats Against their princes, and so did Jonathan render it: My wrath was against the kings and upon the rulers I visit. The Greeks were likened to goats in (Dan. 8:21), “And the rough he-goat is the king of Greece.” Whoever wishes to explain the matter [otherwise] (not as referring to the kings of Greece) will say that הָעַתּוּדִים is an expression of princes, as in (Isa. 14:9), “It aroused the giants for you, all the chiefs of the earth.”
כְּסוּס הוֹדוֹ בַּמִּלְחָמָה. כְּסוּס אֲשֶׁר יֻכַּר הוֹדוֹ בַּמִּלְחָמָה:
as His majestic horse in battle As the horse whose majesty is recognized in battle.
מִמֶּנּוּ פִנָּה. מֵהֶם מַלְכֵיהֶם, מֵהֶם שָׂרֵיהֶם, מֵהֶם לוֹחֲמֵי מִלְחֲמוֹתָם (חולין נו:):
Out of them shall come the cornerstone Out of them shall come their kings; out of them shall come their princes, and out of them shall come those who wage their wars.
וְהָיוּ כְגִבּוֹרִים בּוֹסִים בְּטִיט חוּצוֹת בַּמִּלְחָמָה. הֲרֵי מִקְרָא זֶה מְסֹרָס, וְהָיוּ בַּמִּלְחָמָה הוֹלְכִים וְדוֹרְכִים אֲנָשִׁים כְּגִבּוֹרִים הַבּוֹסִים טִיט חוּצוֹת. בּוֹסִים – דּוֹרְסִים, כְּמוֹ ״יָבוּס קָמֵינוּ״ (תהילים מד:ו), ״בּוֹסְסוּ אֶת חֶלְקָתִי״ (ירמיהו יב:י):
And they shall be like mighty men, treading the mire of the streets in battle This verse is inverted. It should be understood: And they shall be in battle, walking and treading people as mighty men tread the mire of the streets. treading as in (Ps. 60:14), “And He shall tread down our enemies,” and (Jer. 12:10) “They have trampled My field.”
וְהוֹבִישׁוּ. בֵּית יְהוּדָה, אֶת רוֹכְבֵי הַסּוּסִים הַבָּאִים לְהִלָּחֵם בָּם:
and they shall shame the riders of horses The house of Judah shall shame the riders of horses who come to wage war with them.
וְגִבַּרְתִּי אֶת בֵּית יְהוּדָה. בְּמִלְחֶמֶת הַיְּוָנִים:
And I will strengthen the house of Judah in the war against the Greeks.
וְאֶת בֵּית יוֹסֵף אוֹשִׁיעַ. בַּמָּקוֹם שֶׁגָּלוּ שָׁם בַּחֲלַח וּבְחָבוֹר בִּימֵי סַנְחֵרִיב (מלכים ב יח:יא):
and the house of Joseph I will save in the place where they were exiled - in Halah and in Habor in the days of Sennacherib.
וְהוֹשְׁבוֹתִים. כְּמוֹ וְהוֹשַׁבְתִּים, לְשׁוֹן יְשִׁיבָה:
And I will cause them to settle Like וְהוֹשַּׁבְתִּים, an expression of settling.
וְהָיוּ כַּאֲשֶׁר לֹא זְנַחְתִּים. כְּאִלּוּ לֹא זְנַחְתִּים מֵעוֹלָם:
And they shall be as though I had not forsaken them As though I had never forsaken them.
אֶשְׁרְקָה לָהֶם. כְּדֶרֶךְ הַשּׁוֹרְקִים לְסִימָן אוֹת לָבֹא אֵלָיו הַטּוֹעֶה בַּדֶּרֶךְ:
I will whistle to them in the manner of those who whistle as a sign and a signal for those straying on their way to him.
וַאֲקַבְּצֵם. לְעֵת הַקֵּץ, לֶעָתִיד:
and I will gather them at the time of the end in the future.
כִּי פְדִיתִים. כְּשֶׁאֶפְדֵּם:
for I have redeemed them When I will redeem them.
וְרָבוּ. בַּגּוֹלָה כְּמוֹ שֶׁרָבוּ בְּמִצְרָיִם (שמות א:ז):
And they shall multiply in exile as they multiplied in Egypt.
וְאֶזְרָעֵם. תְּחִלָּה בָּעַמִּים, כְּאָדָם הַזּוֹרֵעַ סְאָה לְהַכְנִיס כַּמָּה כּוֹרִין (פסחים פז:):
And I will sow them first among the peoples, as a person sows a seah to bring in many korim.
וְחָיוּ אֶת בְּנֵיהֶם. עִם בְּנֵיהֶם:
And they shall live with their children אֶת-בְנֵיהֶם
וְלַבְנוֹן. זֶה בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ (יומא לט:):
and the Lebanon This is the Temple.
וְלֹא יִמָּצֵא לָהֶם. ״וְלֹא יִסֻפָּק לְהוֹן״ (תרגום יונתן):
and it shall not suffice for them Heb. וְלֹא יִמָּצֵא לָהֶם
וְעָבַר בַּיָּם צָרָה. וְתַעֲבֹר צָרָה בְּצוֹר הַיּוֹשֶׁבֶת בְּתוֹךְ הַיָּם, וְהוּא רֹאשׁ לְמַלְכוּת צוֹר:
And trouble shall pass through the sea And the trouble shall pass through Tyre, which is situated in the midst of the sea, it is the head of Edom.
וְהִכָּה. הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אֲשֶׁר הוּא הַמַּכֶּה יַכֶּה בַיָּם גַּלִּים לְהַשְׁקִיעַ אֶת צוֹר:
and He shall strike The Holy One, blessed be He, Who is the One Who strikes the waves of the sea to sink Tyre.
כָּל מְצוּלוֹת יְאוֹר. הִיא מִצְרָיִם:
all the depths of the river That is, Egypt.