Know that this third stem is also a parent stem and is called pi‘el ha-dagush, for the middle root letter (‘ayin ha-po‘el) is always geminated in it; and it is of four kinds:

1. The first kind consists of verbs that are exclusive to this stem alone and do not occur in the qal stem. Their meaning corresponds to that of a transitive qal verb acting upon another, such as dibber, miher, tsivvah, and the like.

2. The second kind consists of verbs that occur in both stems, but in the qal stem they are intransitive, such as shakhan, halakh, and the like.

And when they enter the pi‘el stem, they become transitive toward a second object, as in ohel shikken (Psalms 78), ‘arom hilləkhu beli levush (Job 24). Their meaning then corresponds to that of the hif‘il stem acting upon a second object, as I shall explain in its proper place.

3. The third kind consists of verbs that likewise occur in both stems and are transitive in both of them. The only difference between them is that in the pi‘el stem they indicate greater force and continuity of the action than in the qal stem, such as shalakh and shillaḥ, shavar and shibber, and the like.

4. The fourth kind consists of verbs that likewise occur in both stems and are intransitive in both of them; and even here the pi‘el form indicates greater intensity of the action than the qal, such as “u-se‘areikh tsimmeaḥ” (Ezekiel 16), “pittaḥ ha-semadar” (Song of Songs 7:13), which are equivalent to a pataḥ and a tsamaḥ. However, the leading grammarians do not concede that intransitive verbs exist in the pi‘el ha-dagush stem, for this stem was established only for transitive verbs. They therefore say that tsimmeaḥ and pittaḥ belong to the pa‘al stem, with the ḥiriq in place of a qibbuts, and that they are like tsummeaḥ and puttaḥ, just as “va-yisem ba-aron be-Mitsrayim” is like va-yussam.

Behold, there are found in this stem verbs that have no parallel in any of the other stems, namely verbs that indicate the reversal of an action. For example, “ve-dishnu et ha-mizbe’aḥ” (Numbers 4), which means the removal of the ashes; likewise, “tevu’ati tesharresh” (Job 30), meaning the uprooting of the roots; and “mesa‘ef pu’arah be-ma‘aratsah” (Isaiah 10), meaning the removal of the branches — and the like.

5. And know that this occurs only with verbs that are derived from nouns, such as those I have mentioned, and as I shall further explain in the chapter on the categories. Moreover, you are not permitted to form such verbs from every noun-derived verb at will, but only from those that are found in Scripture. And this stem as well produced a derivative, which is called the pu‘al stem.