קיימא לן כרבי מאיר דדאין דינא דגרמי (ודוקא באדם חייב דינא דגרמי אבל בבהמה לכולי עלמא פטור) (נ"י פ' הפרה) לפיכך הדוחף מטבע של חבירו עד שירד לים חייב אע"פ שלא הגביהו וכן הפוחת מטבע של חבירו והעביר צורתו חייב אע"פ שלא חסרו והמוכר ש"ח לחבירו וחזר ומחלו דקי"ל שהוא מחול צריך לשלם ללוקח כמו שנתבאר בסי' ס"ו:

Distinction between causal damages and the law of direct causality, and the law of one who throws a vessel off a roof. There are 4 subsections within: We rule like Rabi Meir that adjudicates on direct causality. Gloss: However, only in regards to human caused damages. Animal caused damages are exempt, in all opinions. Therefore, if one pushed another's coin in a manner that it fell into the sea, although he didn't pick it up [prior, thus acquiring it], he is liable. Similarly, one who minimizes [the weight] of another's coin and removed the image [on the face of the coin], is liable, even if he didn't diminish the value. So too, one who sells a debt document and subsequently forgives the debt, the debt is forgiven and [the seller/lender] must pay the purchaser, as explained in ~ 66.

So too, one who burns another's loan document must pay the full debt that was in the document. Even though the document itself isn't money, he caused the loss of money. However, the damager must admit the document was authenticated, and [admit to] the amount that was written therein. Since it is burned the debt cannot be collected therewith. If [the damager] doesn't believe [the lender], he doesn't need to pay other than the value of the paper. Gloss: This [is true] is there are no witnesses that know how much was written therein, for if there are witnesses, they can rewrite the document, as explained in ~ 41.

So too, one who throws his own vessel off the roof and there were pillows and blankets beneath them, in a manner that if [the vessel] fell onto them they wouldn't break, and another person removed [the pillows] before [the vessels landed] and the vessels hit the ground and broke. The one who removed [the pillows] must pay [the damages]. So too for all similar cases. Gloss: Some consider this causal damage and is exempt [in court but responsible by heaven]. Similarly, pushing the coin into the sea and minimizing the coin image are exempt, because they are causal damage. Therefore, even if one threw [another's] vessel from the roof while there were pillows beneath them and he himself removed the pillows, yet he is exempt [in court]. He is not liable for the throw because it wouldn't break through this action. The removal [of the pillows] is but a causal damage. A scribe that wrote a document and wrote one hundred in place of two hundred, or if one damages another with [bad] advice, or an escrow that handed over a document [to one party] that he should not have handed over, all these are exempt [in court but responsible by heaven]. They are only causal damage. However, [the damager] is excommunicated until he removes the damage, as in all cases of causal damage. Some say that all common causal damage must be paid as a penalty. Therefore, some say, if Reuven sells and item to an idolater, then Shimon says to the idolater that he overpaid [and the idolator keeps the item and the money (see Sha"ch), Shimon] must pay him. Some say that is like a Moser (see ~ 388).