על הירקות מברך בורא פרי האדמה ואפילו בשלם וכן כל פירות וקטניות שטובים חיים ומבושלים מברך עליהם לאחר בישול' כברכתם הראוי להם קודם שבישל אבל קרא וסילקא וכרוב וכיוצא בהם שטובים מבושלים יותר מחיים כשהם חיים מברך שהכל ולאחר בישולם בורא פרי האדמה ותומי [פי' שומים] וכרתי [פי' פורט בלע"ז] כשהם חיים בורא פרי האדמה לאחר שבישלם שהכל: הגה דמחשבי נשתנו לגריעותא אפי' בשלם עם בשר ונשתבחו אין השבח מצד עצמן אלא מחמת הבשר שבהם: (הר"י פ' כיצד מברכין):

For vegetables, one recites the blessing Borei Pri Ha’adamah (Who creates the fruit of the ground), even if they are raw. Similarly, for all fruits and legumes that are good both raw and cooked, one recites the same blessing after cooking as was appropriate before cooking. However, for gourds, beets, cabbage, and similar vegetables that are better when cooked than when raw, one recites Shehakol (Who creates everything) when they are raw, and Borei Pri Ha’adamah after they are cooked. Garlic and leeks, when raw, require Borei Pri Ha’adamah, but after being cooked, one recites Shehakol. Rema: Since they are considered to have deteriorated through cooking, even if they were cooked with meat and thereby improved, their improvement is not due to their own essence but because of the meat. (R”Y, Chapter Keitzad Mevarchin).

For the water in which vegetables have been cooked, one recites the same blessing that is recited on the vegetables themselves, even if only the flavor of the vegetable remains. However, this applies when they were cooked without meat; if they were cooked with meat, one recites Shehakol

If one squeezed out water in which vegetables had cooked, one blesses upon that beverage Through Whose word everything came into being (cheakol)

If one cut it into small pieces the beracha does not change

When eating raw turnips one recites Shehakol but if it was cooked or pickled with vinegar or mustard one recites Borei Peri Ha'adamah