Shulchan Arukh, Orach Chayim Siman 40
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אסור לתלות תפילין בין בבתים בין ברצועות אבל מותר לתלותן בכיסן:
It is forbidden to hang Tefillin, whether by the boxes or by the straps. But it is permitted to hang them [while they are] in their pouch.
בית שיש בו תפילין אסור לשמש בו מטתו עד שיוציאם או שיניחם בכלי תוך כלי והוא שאין השני מיוחד להם שאם הוא מיוחד אפי' מאה חשובים כא': הגה ואם שניהם אינן מיוחדים להם או שהפנימי אינו מיוחד להם והחיצון מיוחד להם מותר וע"ל סי' ר"מ ס"ו'. (ב"י):
[Regarding] a house (ie. a room) which has תפילין in it... it is forbidden to engage in marital intercourse there until you remove them [from the room] or place them in a receptacle within another receptacle. And this [applies] where the second [receptacle] is not designated for them (ie. as a receptacle to store the תפילין)... for if it would be designated [for them], then even a hundred [receptacles] are considered like one (and it would still require another outer receptacle that's not designated for them). Rema: And if both of them are not designated for them, or the inner one is not designated for them and the outer one is designated for them, it is permitted. And see further in Siman 140, Se'if 6. (Beit Yosef)
אפילו להניח בכלי בתוך כלי אסור להניחם תחת מרגלותיו וכן אסור להניחם תחת מראשותיו כנגד ראשו אפילו בכלי תוך כלי ואפי' אין אשתו עמו אבל שלא כנגד ראשו אם אין אשתו עמו מותר ואם אשתו עמו צריך כלי בתוך כלי:
Even when placing them in a receptacle within a receptacle, it is forbidden to place them by one's feet. And similarly, it's forbidden to place them under one's head [when they are] directly opposite his head... even [when they are] in a receptacle within a receptacle... and even if his wife is not with him. But [to place them under his head when they are] not directly opposite his head... if his wife is not with him, it's permitted... and if his wife is with him, it requires a receptacle within a receptacle.
אשתו עמו במטה ואינו רוצה לשמש מקרי אין אשתו עמו:
If his wife is with him in bed and he does not want to have relations with her... that's called (ie. considered like) his wife is not with him.
להניחם במטה כנגד צדו דינן כתחת מרגלותיו:
To place them (ie. the תפילין) on the bed by his side...the rule is like that of placing them by one's feet (ie. it is forbidden).
שכח ושמש מטתו בתפילין לא יאחוז לא בבתים ולא ברצועה עד שיטול ידיו מפני שהידים עסקניות הן ושמא נגעו במקום הטנופת:
If one forgot and had marital intercourse while wearing their תפילין, he should not touch the boxes or the straps until he washes his hands since the hands are [always] involved [in touching things] and perhaps they touched unclean places [on the body].
ישן בהם וראה קרי לא יאחוז בבתים אלא יאחוז ברצועה ומסיר אותם עד שיקנח הקרי מעליו ויטול ידיו (ב"י):
If one slept with them (ie. his תפילין) and had a seminal emission... he should not touch the boxes, but rather hold them by the straps and remove them until he cleans the seminal emission from himself and washes his hands. (Beit Yosef)
הנכנס לסעוד' קבע חולצן ומניחן על השלחן עד זמן ברכ' וחוזר ומניחן אבל לאכילת עראי אין צריך לחלצן:
One who eats a full meal, takes off his תפילין and leaves them on the table until Birkas Hamazon, and then puts them on again. But for a non meal eating (ie. a snack) he need not take off the תפילין.