You alone are Adonoy;⁴⁸ You have made the skies, the skies of skies⁴⁹ and all their hosts,⁵⁰ the earth and all that is upon it, the seas and all that is in them; and You give life to all of them, and the heavenly hosts⁵¹ bow before You. You are Adonoy, the God Who chose Avrom, and brought him out of Ur Kasdim and established his name (as) Avrohom.⁵² And You found his heart faithful before You,⁵³

footnotes: ⁴⁸ This is an affirmation of God’s unity: “Adonoy is One.” The next six verses are taken from Nehemiah 9:6-11. They are the last words of praise found in Scripture. ⁴⁹ This denotes the highest of the seven heavens. ⁵⁰ This signifies the sun, moon, and stars. ⁵¹ These are the angelic beings that worship Adonoy. ⁵² This was not a mere changing of names. Abraham was elevated and attained new stature as a patriarch by virtue of his new name. ⁵³ This was demonstrated when he was ready to sacrifice Isaac.

and You made the covenant with him⁵⁴ indicate that a new paragraph begins here. But it is actually a continuation of the verse. to give the land of the Canaanites, the Hittites, the Amorites, the Perizites, the Jebusites, and the Girgashites, to give to his seed; and You kept Your word, for You are righteous. And You saw the affliction of our fathers in Egypt, and their cry You heard at the Sea of Reeds. And You imposed signs and wonders against Pharaoh and all his servants and all the people of his land, for You knew that they acted malevolently against them;⁵⁵ and (thus) You have made a name for Yourself, like this day.⁵⁶ And the sea, You split before them, and they went through the midst of the sea on the dry land; and their pursuers You hurled into the depths, like a stone into mighty waters.⁵⁷

footnotes: ⁵⁴ In some congregations, וכרות is recited responsively on the day of a circumcision. Consequently, some siddurim ⁵⁵ Them, i.e., the Jews in Egypt. ⁵⁶ The miracles and wonders of the Exodus have not and will not be forgotten. Each generation reaffirms its testimony to God’s might against the Egyptians and thus the event remains as vivid and real as though it occurred today. ⁵⁷ Nechemyah 9:6-11