Sifrei Devarim Paragraph 160
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(דברים יז יח) וְהָיָה כְשִׁבְתּוֹ עַל כִּסֵּא מַמְלַכְתּוֹ – אִם עוֹשֶׂה הוּא כָּל הָאָמוּר בָּעִנְיָן, כְּדַי הוּא שֶׁיֵּשֵׁב עַל כִּסֵּא מַמְלַכְתּוֹ.
(Devarim 17:18) "And it shall be when he shall sit on the throne of his kingdom": If he does all that is written in this regard, he is worthy of sitting on the throne of his kingdom.
וְכָתַב לוֹ – לִשְׁמוֹ; שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא נֵאוֹת בְּשֶׁל אֲבוֹתָיו.
"that he shall write for himself the mishneh of this Torah": expressly for himself; he is not to "bedizen" himself with those of his ancestors. "
מִשְׁנֵה, אֵין לִי אֶלָּא מִשְׁנֵה תּוֹרָה, שְׁאָר דִּבְרֵי תוֹרָה מִנַּיִן? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר (דברים יז יט): ״לִשְׁמֹר אֶת כָּל דִּבְרֵי הַתּוֹרָה הַזֹּאת וְאֶת הַחֻקִּים הָאֵלֶּה לַעֲשׂוֹתָם״. אִם כֵּן לָמָּה נֶאֱמַר מִשְׁנֵה הַתּוֹרָה? – שֶׁעֲתִידָה לְהִשְׁתַּנּוֹת!
mishneh": This tells me only of mishneh Torah ("the repetition of the Torah," i.e., the book of Devarim). Whence do I derive (that the mitzvah applies also) to the rest of the Torah? From (Ibid. 19) "to heed all the words of this Torah." If so, why is it written "the mishneh of this Torah"? Because it (i.e., the script) is destined to change (viz. Ezra 4:7 and Daniel 5:8).
אֲחֵרִים אוֹמְרִים: אֵין קוֹרְאִים בְּיוֹם הַקְהֵל אֶלָּא מִשְׁנֵה תּוֹרָה בִּלְבַד.
Others say: On the day of Hakhel (viz. Ibid. 21:12) only mishneh Torah (Devarim) is to be read (and it is to this Hakhel reading that our verse is alluding.)
עַל סֵפֶר – וְלֹא עַל הַלּוּחַ, עַל סֵפֶר – וְלֹא עַל הַנְּיָר, אֶלָּא עַל הַמְּגִלָּה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: עַל סֵפֶר.
"on a scroll": and not on a tablet and not on paper, but only on a megillah (a scroll).
מִלִּפְנֵי הַכֹּהֲנִים הַלְוִיִּם, שֶׁתְּהֵא מֻגַּהַת מִלִּפְנֵי הַכֹּהֲנִים הַלְוִיִּם.
"before the Cohanim, the Levites": from the scroll in the azarah (the Temple court).
עַל סֵפֶר, עַל גַּבֵּי עוֹר בְּהֵמָה טְהוֹרָה, וּמַגִּיהִים לוֹ מִסֵּפֶר עֲזָרָה עַל פִּי בֵּית דִּין שֶׁל שִׁבְעִים וְאֶחָד.
“On a document” (Dt.17:18)— on the skin of a clean animal. And they correct it against Ezra’s scroll, supervised by the Court of Seventy One **[which met in the Chamber of Carved Stone].**¹⁰⁷
footnotes: ¹⁰⁷ Cf. T. San.4:7.
מִלִּפְנֵי הַכֹּהֲנִים הַלְוִיִּם, מִכָּן דָּרַשׁ רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲרָךְ שֶׁסּוֹף תּוֹרָה עֲתִידָה לְהִשְׁתַּכֵּחַ.
“Before the levitical Priests” (Dt.17:18)—
**[But for their intervention,] the Torah would have been forgotten!**¹⁰⁸ 157.4.
footnotes: ¹⁰⁸ Cf. T. Edu.1:1 and Pisqa’