Targum Jonathan on Deuteronomy Chapter 20
Can copy this into an AI, or connect the whole library to your assistant. For deeper learning, you can directly use the original seforim, sites, and apps.
אֲרוּם תִּפְקוּן לְסִדְרֵי קְרָבָא עַל בַּעֲלֵי דְבָבֵיכוֹן וְתֵיחְמוּן סוּסְוָן וְאַרְתְּכִין עַמִּין גֵּיוְתָנִין וְטֵירוּנִין אַלִּימִין מִנְכוֹן לָא תִדַחֲלוּן מִנְהוֹן אֲרוּם כֻּלְהוֹן חֲשִׁיבִין כְּסוּסְיָא חַד וְכִרְתֵיכָא חַד קֳדָם יְיָ אֱלָהָכוֹן דְּמֵימְרֵיהּ בְּסַעַדְכוֹן דְּאַפְקְכוֹן פְּרִיקִין מֵאַרְעָא דְמִצְרָיִם
When you go forth to battle against your enemies, and see horses and chariots, and peoples proud, overbearing, and stronger than you, fear them not; for all of them are accounted as a single horse and a single chariot before the Lord your God, whose Word will be your Helper; for He brought you free out of the land of Mizraim.
וִיהֵי בִּזְמַן דְּאַתּוּן קָרֵיבִין לְאַגָּחָא קְרָבָא וְיִתְקָרֵב כַּהֲנָא וִימַלֵּל עִם עַמָּא
And at the time that you draw nigh to do battle, the priest shall approach and speak with the people,
וְיֵימַר לְהוֹן שְׁמָעוּ יִשְרָאֵל אַתּוּן מִתְקַרְבִין יוֹמָא דֵין לְסִדְרֵי קְרָבָא עַל בַּעֲלֵי דְבָבֵיכוֹן לָא יְזוּחַ לִבְּכוֹן לָא תְדַחֲלוּן וְלָא תִרְתְּחוּן וְלָא תִתְרְעוּן מִן קֳדָמֵיהוֹן
and say to them, Hear, Israel, you draw near this day to fight against your adversaries; let not your heart be moved, be not afraid, tremble not, nor be broken down before them:
אֲרוּם יְיָ אֱלָהָכוֹן שְׁכִינְתֵּיהּ מַדְבָּרָא קֳדָמֵיכוֹן לְאַגָחָא מְטוּלְכוֹן עִם בַּעֲלֵי דְבָבֵיכוֹן לְמִפְרוֹק יַתְכוֹן
for the Shekinah of the Lord your God goeth before you to fight for you against your enemies, and to save you.
וִימַלְלוּן סַרְכַיָא עִם עַמָּא לְמֵימָר מַאן גַּבְרָא דִי בְנָא בֵיתָא חַדְתָּא וְלָא קָבַע בֵּיהּ מְזוּזְתָּא לְשַׁכְלָלוּתֵהּ יְהַךְ וִיתוּב לְבֵיתֵיהּ דִּלְמָא יִגְרוֹם לֵיהּ חוֹבָא וְיִתְקְטֵיל בִּקְרָבָא וּגְבַר חוֹרַן יְשַׁכְלְלִינֵיהּ
And the officers shall speak with the people, saying: Who is the man who hath builded a new house, and hath not set fast its door-posts to complete it? let him go and return to his house, lest through sin he be slain in the battle, and another man complete it.
וּמַאן גַּבְרָא דִּי נְצַב כַּרְמָא וְלָא פַרְקֵיהּ מִן כַּהֲנָא וְאַחֲלֵיהּ יְהַךְ וִיתוּב לְבֵיתֵיהּ דִּלְמָא יִגְרוֹם לֵיהּ חוֹבָא דְלָא פָּרְקֵיהּ וְיִתְקְטֵיל בִּקְרָבָא וּגְבַר חוֹרַן יַחְלִינֵיהּ
Or, what man hath planted a vineyard, and hath not redeemed it from the priest to make it common? let him go and return to his house, lest sin be the occasion of his not redeeming it, but he be slain in the battle, and another make it common.
וּמַאן גַּבְרָא דְקָדִשׁ אִתְּתָא וְלָא נַסְבָהּ יְהַךְ וִיתוּב לְבֵיתֵיהּ דְּלָא יִגְרוֹם לֵיהּ חוֹבָא דְלָא חָדֵי בְּאִנְתְּתֵיהּ וְיִתְקְטֵיל בִּקְרָבָא וּגְבַר חוֹרַן יַסְבִינָהּ
And what man hath betrothed a wife, but not taken her? let him go and return to his house, lest sin prevent him from rejoicing with his wife and he be slain in the battle, and another take her.
וְיוֹסְפוּן סַרְכַיָא לְמַלָלָא עִם עַמָּא וְיֵימְרוּן מַאן הוּא גַבְרָא דְדָחֵיל מֵחוֹבֵי וְלִבֵּיהּ תְּבִיר יְהַךְ וִיתוּב לְבֵיתֵיהּ דִּלְמָא יְקַבְּלוּן אָחוֹי בְּחוֹבוֹי וְיִתְבַּר לִבְּהוֹן הֵיךְ לִבֵּיהּ
Yet more shall the officers speak to the people, and say, Who is the man who is afraid on account of his sin and whose heart is broken? let him go and return to his house, that his brethren be not implicated in his sins, and their heart be broken like his.
וִיהֵי כַּד פַּסְקִין סַרְכַיָא לְמַלָּלָא עִם עַמָּא וְיִמְנוּן רַבְרְבָנֵי חֵילִין בְּרֵישׁ עַמָּא
And when the officers shall have finished to speak with the people, they shall appoint the captains of the host at the head of the people.
אֲרוּם תִּקְרְבוּן לְקַרְתָּא לְסַדְרָא עֲלָהּ סִדְרֵי קְרָבָא וּתְשַׁדְּרוּן לְוָותָהּ פּוּלִין לְמִקְרֵי לָהּ לִשְׁלָם
When you come nigh to a city to make war against it, then you shall send to it certain to invite it to peace;
וִיהֵי אִין מִלִּין דִּשְׁלָם תְּתִיב לְכוֹן וְתִפְתַּח לְכוֹן פּוּלְוָותָהּ וִיהֵי כָּל עַמָּא דְּמִשְׁתַּכַּח בָּהּ יְהוֹן לְמִסְקֵי מִיסִין וְיִפְלְחוּנְכוֹן
and if they answer you with words of peace, and open their gates to you, all the people whom you find therein shall be tributaries, and serve you.
וְאִין לָא תַשְׁלִים עִמְכוֹן וְתַעֲבֵיד עִמְכוֹן קְרָבָא וְתֵקְפוּן עֲלָהּ
But if they will not make peace, but war, with you, then you shall beleaguer it.
וְיִמְסְרִינָהּ יְיָ אֱלָהָכוֹן בִּידֵיכוֹן וְתִמְחֵי יַת כָּל דְּכוּרָהּ לְפִתְגָם דְּחָרֶב
And when the Lord your God will have delivered it into your hand, then may you smite every male thereof with the edge of the sword.
לְחוֹד נְשַׁיָא וְטַפְלָא וּבְעִירָא וְכָל דִּיהֵי בְקַרְתָּא כָּל עֲדָאָהּ תִּיבְזוּן לְכוֹן וְתֵיכְלוּן יַת עֲדֵי סַנְאֵיכוֹן דִּיהַב יְיָ אֱלָהָכוֹן לְכוֹן
But the women, children, and cattle, and whatever is in the city, even all the spoil, you shall seize, and eat the spoil of your enemies which the Lord your God giveth you.
הֵיכְנָא תַּעַבְדוּן לְכָל קִירְוַיָא דִרְחִיקִין מִנְכוֹן לַחֲדָא דְּלָא מִקִרְוֵי שִׁבְעָתֵי עַמְמַיָא הָאִלֵּין הִינוּן
Thus shall you do to all cities that are remote from you, which are not of the cities of these seven nations;
לְחוֹד מִקִּרְוֵי עַמְמַיָא הָאִילֵן דַּיְיָ אֱלָהָכוֹן יָהֵיב לְכוֹן אַחֲסָנָא לָא תְקַיְימוּן כָּל נִשְׁמָא
but of the cities of these peoples, which the Lord your God giveth you to inherit, ye shall not spare alive any breathing thing:
אֲרוּם גַּמְרָא תְגַמְרִינוּן חִתָּאֵי וֶאֱמוֹרָאֵי כְּנַעֲנָאֵי וּפְרִיזָאֵי וְחִיוָואֵי וִיבוּסָאֵי הֵיכְמָא דְפַקֵּידְכוֹן יְיָ אֱלָהָכוֹן
for destroying ye shall destroy them, Hittites, Amorites, Kenaanites, Pherizites, Hivites, and Jebusites, as the Lord your God hath commanded you;
מִן בִּגְלַל דְּלָא יַלְפוּן יַתְכוֹן לְמֶעֱבַד כְּכָל מְרַחֲקַתְהוֹן דְּעָבָדוּ לְטַעֲוַותְהוֹן וּתְחוֹבוּן קֳדָם יְיָ אֱלָהָכוֹן
that they may not teach you to do after their abominations with which they have served their idols, and you sin before the Lord your God.
אֲרוּם תַּקְפוּן עַל קַרְתָּא כָּל יוֹמֵי שִׁבְעֲתָא לְאַגָּחָא קְרָבָא עֲלָהּ לְמִכְבְּשָׁהּ בְּשַׁבַּתָּא לָא תְחַבְּלוּן יַת אִילָנַיָהָא לְמֵישְׁדָא עֲלוֹי מָן דְּפַרְזְלָא אֲרוּם מִפֵּירוֹי תֵיכְלוּן וְיָתֵיהּ לָא תְקוּצוּן אֲרוּם לָא בְּבַר נַשׁ אִילָן דְּאַנְפֵּי בָרָא לִמְטַמְרָא מִקָּמֵיכוֹן בִּצְיָירָא
When you beleaguer a city all the seven days to war against it, to subdue it on the Sabbath, you shall not destroy the trees thereof by bringing against them (an instrument of) iron; that you may eat its fruit, cut it not down; for a tree on the face of the field is not as a man to be hidden (put out of sight) before you in the siege.
לְחוֹד אִילָן דְּתִנְדְּעוּן אֲרוּם לָא אִילָן עֲבִיד פֵּירֵי מֵיכַל הוּא יָתֵיהּ תְּחַבְּלוּן וְתִקְטְעוּן וְתִבְנוּן קַרְקוּמִין עַל קַרְתָּא מַרְדָא דְּעַבְדָא עִמְכוֹן קְרָבָא עַד דְתִכְבְּשׁוּנָהּ
But the tree that you know to be a tree not making fruit to eat, that you may destroy and cut down. And you shall raise bulwarks against the city which maketh war with you, until you have subdued it.