Targum Jonathan on II Samuel Chapter 23
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וְאִילֵין פִּתְגָמֵי נְבוּאַת דָוִד דְאִתְנַבִּי לְסוֹף עַלְמָא לְיוֹסֵי נֶחֱמְתָא דַעֲתִידִין לְמֵיתֵי אֲמַר דָוִד בַּר יִשַׁי וַאֲמַר גַבְרָא דִמְרַבָּא לְמַלְכּוּ מְשִׁיחָא בְּמֵימָר אֱלָהֵיהּ דְיַעֲקֹב וְתַקִין לְמִימְנֵי בְּחֵיךְ מְבוֹסַם תּוּשְׁבַּחְתֵּיהּ דְיִשְׂרָאֵל:
And these are the prophetic words of David, which he prophesied for the end of the world, for the days of consolation which are to come: David the son of Jesse said, and the saying of the man dignified to the kingdom, anointed by the Speech of Jacob’s God, and right to convey with a sweet palate the praises of Israel.
אֲמַר דָוִד בְּרוּחַ נְבוּאָה דַייָ אֲנָא מְמַלֵיל אִלֵין וּפִתְגָמֵי קוּדְשֵׁיהּ בְּפוּמֵי אֲנָא סָדַר:
David said, “By a prophetic spirit from before the LORD I am speaking these things, and his holy words I am arranging in my mouth.”
אֲמַר דָוִד אֱלָהָא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל עֲלַי מַלֵיל תַּקִיפָא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל דְשַׁלִיט בִּבְנֵי אֱנָשָׁא קוּשְׁטָא דָאִין אֲמַר לְמַנָאָה לִי מַלְכָּא דְהוּא מְשִׁיחָא דַעֲתִיד דִיקוּם וְיִשְׁלוֹט בִּדְחַלְתָּא דַיָי:
David said, “The God of Israel spoke about me, the Strong One of Israel, Who is Ruler among the sons of men, judging the truth. He said to appoint me king, that is, the Messiah who is to rise and will rule in the fear of the LORD.
טוּבֵיכוֹן צַדִיקַיָא עֲבַדְתּוּן לְכוֹן עוֹבָדִין טָבִין דְאַתּוּן עֲתִידִין לְאַנְהָרָא בְּזֵיהוֹר יְקָרֵיהּ כִּנְהוֹר צַפְרָא דְאָזֵיל וְתַקִין וּכְשִׁימְשָׁא דַעֲתִיד לְאַנְהָרָא כְּזֵיהוֹר יְקָרֵיהּ עַל חַד תְּלַת מְאָה אַרְבְּעִין וּתְלָתָא כִּנְהוֹר שִׁבְעַת כּוֹכְבַיָא שִׁבְעַת יוֹמַיָא יַתִּיר מִכְּדֵין תִּתְרַבּוּן וְיֵיטַב לְכוֹן דַהֲוֵיתוֹן מֵחַמְדִין לִשְׁנֵי נֶחָמָתָא דְאַתְיָן הָא כְּאִכָּרָא דִמְסוֹבַר בִּשְׁנֵי בַּצוֹרְתָּא דְיֵחוֹת מִיטְרָא עַל אַרְעָא:
Blessed are you, righteous! You have done good deeds for yourselves, so that you are to shine in your glorious splendour, like the light of the dawn that grows brighter, and like the sun which is to shine in its glorious splendour, 343 times more in the light of the seven days. More than this you will be dignified, and it shall be good to you who are longing for the years of consolation to come. Behold, like a farmer who is hoping in dry years that rain will come down upon the land.”
אֲמַר דָוִד יַתִּירָא מִבְכֵין בֵּיתִי קֳדָם אֵל אֲרֵי קַיָים עֲלָם קַיֵים לִי לְמֶהֱוֵי מַלְכוּתִי קַיָימָא כְּמָא דְקַיָימִין סִידְרֵי בְּרֵאשִׁית וּנְטִירָא לְעַלְמָא דְאָתֵי אֲרֵי כָּל צָרְכִי וְכָל בָּעוּתִי קֳדָמוֹהִי מִתְעַבְּדִין בְּכֵן כָּל מַלְכוּ לְקִבְלֵיהּ עוֹד לָא תִתְקַיֵים:
David said, “More than this is my house before El, for He has established an eternal covenant for me, that my kingdom shall be lasting, as the order of creation are lasting, and secured for the world to come. Because all my needs and all my prayer are fulfilled before Him, therefore, every kingdom still opposite will not be established.
וְרַשִׁיעַיָא עָבְדֵי חֶטְאָה דָמָן לְכֻבִּין דִבְמִפַּקְהוֹן רַכִּיכִין לְמִקְטַף וְכַד אֱנַשׁ חַיֵס עֲלֵיהוֹן וְשָׁבֵיק לְהוֹן אָזְלִין וְתַקְפִין עַד דְלֵית אֶפְשַׁר לְמִקְרָב לְהוֹן בְּיָד:
And the wicked, doing sin, resemble thorn bushes, which are in their budding soft to cut off. But when a man spares them, and leaves them, they will grow stronger, until it is impossible to approach them by hand.
וְאַף כָּל אֱנַשׁ דִמְשָׁרֵי לְמִיקְרַב בְּחוֹבִין אָזְלִין וְתַקְפִין עֲלוֹהִי עַד דְחָפִין לֵיהּ כַּלְבוּשׁ דְפַרְזְלָא דְלָא יָכְלִין לֵיהּ בַּאָעֵי מוּרְנִין וְרוֹמָחִין בְּכֵין לֵית פּוּרְעֲנוּתְהוֹן בְּיַד אֱנַשׁ אֱלָהֵין בְּאֶשְׁתָּא עֲתִידִין לְאִתּוֹקָדָא יְתּוֹקְדוּן בְּאִתְגְלָאָה בֵּית דִינָא רַבָּא לְמִתַּב עַל כּוּרְסֵי דִינָא לְמֵידַן יַת עַלְמָא:
And thus is every man, too, who begins to approach sins: they will grow stronger over him, until they cover, like an iron garment, him whom they could not overpower with the wood of spears and javelins. Therefore, their punishment will not be by a man’s hand, but by the fires which are to be kindled. They will be kindled in the revelation of the High Court, [which is] to sit on the throne of judgment, to judge the world.”
אִלֵין שְׁמָהַת גִבָּרַיָא דַהֲווֹ עִם דָוִד גִבָּרָא רֵישׁ מַשְׁרִיתָא יָתֵיב עַל כּוּרְסֵי דִינָא וְכָל נְבִיאַיָא וְסָכַיָא מַקְפִין לֵיהּ מְשִׁיחַ בִּמְשַׁח קוּדְשָׁא בְּחִיר וּמְפַנַק שַׁפִּיר בְּרֵיוֵיהּ וְיָאֵי בְּחֶזְוֵיהּ חַכִּים בְּחוּכְמְתָא וְסוּכְלָתָן בְּעֵצָה גִבַּר בְּגִבָּרוּתָא רֵישׁ גִבָּרַיָא הוּא מְתַקֵן בְּמָנֵי זְיָנָא נְפַק בְפוּם קָלָא וּנְצַח בִּקְרָבָא וּמְתַבֵיב עַל יְדֵי מוּרְנִיתֵיהּ תַּמְנֵי מְאָה קְטִילִין בְּזִמְנָא חֲדָא:
These are the names of the heroes who were with David, the hero, head of the armies, sitting on the throne of judgment, and all the prophets and elders surrounding him; anointed with the holy anointing oil, chosen and pampered, beautiful in looks and handsome in appearance, wise in wisdom and intelligent in council, a hero in heroism, head of the heroes; he is prepared with sets of armour, going out as the champion, and victorious in battle; and wields his spear against eight hundred slain in one time.
וּבַתְרוֹהִי אֶלְעָזָר בַּר דוֹדוֹ בַּר אֲחוּהִי בִּתְלָתָא גִבָּרַיָא עִם דָוִד כַּד חֲסִידוּ פְּלִשְׁתָּאֵי וְאִתְכְּנִישׁוּ תַמָן לַאֲגָחָא קְרָבָא וּסְלִיקוּ אֱנַשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל:
And next to him was Eleazar the son of Dodo, son of Ahohi, among the three heroes with David, when they defied the Philistines; and they gathered themselves there to wage war, and the men of Israel withdrew.
הוּא קָם וּקְטַל בִּפְלִשְׁתָּאֵי עַד דְלָאִית יְדֵיהּ וְאַדְבִּיקַת יְדֵיהּ עִם חַרְבָּא וַעֲבַד יְיָ פּוּרְקָנָא רַבָּא בְּיוֹמָא הַהוּא וְעַמָא תַּב בַּתְרוֹהִי בְּרַם לַחֲלָצָא קְטִילַיָא:
He rose and killed among the Philistines until his hand was weary, and his hand cleaved to the sword. And the LORD wrought a great salvation that day, and the people returned after him, only to strip the killed ones.
וּבַתְרוֹהִי שַׁמָה בַר אָגֵא דְמִן הָרָר טוּרָאָה וְאִתְכְּנִישׁוּ פְלִשְׁתָּאֵי לְחַיָתָא וַהֲוַת תַּמָן אַחֲסָנַת חַקְלָא מַלְיָא טְלוֹפְחִין וְעַמָא אַפֵּךְ מִן קֳדָם פְּלִשְׁתָּאֵי:
And next to him was Shammah, the son of Agee the Mountainite. And the Philistines gathered together at Village, where was a property of land, full of lentils; but the people fled before the Philistines.
וְאִתְעַתֵּד בְּגוֹ אַחְסַנְתָּא וְשֵׁיזְבֵיהּ וּקְטַל יַת פְּלִשְׁתָּאֵי וַעֲבַד יְיָ פּוּרְקָנָא רַבָּא:
And he took his stand in the midst of the property, and saved it. And he killed the Philistines, and the LORD wrought great salvation.
וּנְחָתוּ תְלָתָא גִבָּרַיָא מִגִבָּרֵי רֵישֵׁי מַשִׁרְיָתָא וַאֲתוֹ לַחֲצָדָא לְוַת דָוִד לִמְעָרַת עֲדֻלָם וּמַשִׁרְיַת פְּלִשְׁתָּאֵי שַׁרְיָא בְּמֵישַׁר גִבָּרַיָא:
And the three heroes, from the heroes, heads of the armies, went down, and came about harvest time to David at the cave of Adullam, when the army of the Philistines was encamped in the Valley of the Heroes.
וְדָוִד בְּכֵן בְּחַקְרָא וְאִסְטַרְטִיג פְּלִשְׁתָּאֵי בְּכֵן בְּבֵית לָחֶם:
And David was then in the citadel, and the praetor of the Philistines was then at Bethlehem.
וַחֲמֵידַת נַפְשָׁא דְדָוִד וַאֲמַר מַן יַשְׁקִינַנִי מַיָא מִגוֹבָא דְבֵית לֶחֶם דִי בְּתַרְעָא:
And David’s soul desired and he said, “Who would give me water to drink from the well of Bethlehem which is by the gate?”
וּבְזָעוּ תְלָתָא גִבָּרַיָא בְּמַשִׁרְיַת פְּלִשְׁתָּאֵי וּמְלוֹ מַיָא מִגוֹבָא דְבֵית לֶחֶם דִבְתַרְעָא וּנְסִיבוּ וְאַיְתִיאוּ לְוַת דָוִד וְלָא אֲבָא לְמִשְׁתֵּיהוֹן וַאֲמַר לְנַסָכָא יַתְהוֹן קֳדָם יְיָ:
Then the three heroes broke through the camp of the Philistines, and drew water out of the well of Bethlehem which was by the gate, and took and brought it to David. But he would not drink it, he promised to pour it out before the LORD.
וַאֲמַר חַס לִי מִן קֳדָם יְיָ מִלְמֶעְבַּד דָא הֲדַס גִבָּרַיָא דַאֲזַלוּ בְנַפְשַׁתְהוֹן וְלָא אֲבָא לְמִשְׁתֵּיהוֹן אִלֵין עֲבָדוּ תְּלָתָא גִבָּרַיָא:
He said, “Far be it for me from before the LORD, that I should do this! The blood of the men who went at risk of their lives?” So he would not drink it. These things did the three heroes.
וַאֲבִישַׁי אֲחוּהִי דְיוֹאָב בַּר צְרוּיָה הוּא רֵישׁ גִבָּרַיָא וְהוּא תַבֵּיב יַת מוּרְנִיתֵיהּ עַל תְּלַת מְאָה קְטִילִין וְלֵיהּ שׁוּם בִּתְלָתָא גִבָּרַיָא:
And Abishai, the brother of Joab, the son of Zeruiah, was head of the heroes. And he wielded his spear against three hundred killed ones, and won a name beside the three heroes.
מִן גִבָּרַיָא הֲוָה יַקִיר וַהֲוָה לְהוֹן לְרַבָּא וְלִתְלַת גִבָּרִין לָא מְטָא:
He was more renowned than the heroes, and became their commander, but he did not attain to the three.
וּבְנָיָהוּ בַר יְהוֹיָדָע בַּר גְבַר דָחֵיל חֶטְאִין דִילֵיהּ עוֹבָדִין מִקַבְּצְאֵל הוּא קְטַל יַת תְּרֵין רַבְרְבֵי מוֹאָב וְהוּא נְחַת וּקְטַל יַת אַרְיָא בְּגוֹ גוֹבָא בְּיוֹמָא דְתַלְגָא:
And Benaiah, the son of Jehoiada was a man fearing sins, who did deeds, of Kabzeel. He killed the two commanders of Moab, and he went down and killed a lion in a pit on a snowy day.
וְהוּא קְטַל יַת גַבְרָא מִצְרָאָה גְבַר דְחֶזְוָא וּבִידָא דְמִצְרָאָה מוּרְנִיתָא וּנְחַת עֲלוֹהִי בְּחוּטְרָא וַאֲנֵיס יַת מוּרְנִיתָא מִידָא דְמִצְרָאָה וְקַטְלֵיהּ בְּמוּרְנִיתֵיהּ:
And he killed an Egyptian man, a man of appearance. The Egyptian had a spear in his hand, but Benaiah went down to him with a staff, and snatched the spear out of the Egyptian’s hand, and killed him with his own spear.
אִלֵין עֲבַד בְּנָיָהוּ בַּר יְהוֹיָדָע וְלֵיהּ שׁוּם בִּתְלָתָא גִבָּרַיָא:
These things did Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and won a name beside the three heroes.
מִן גִבָּרַיָא יַקִיר וְלִתְלַת גְבוּרָן לָא מְטָא וּמַנְיֵיהּ דָוִד עַל מִשְׁמַעְתֵּיהּ:
He was more renowned than the heroes, but he did not attain to the three heroic deeds. And David appointed him over the bodyguard.
עֲשָׂהאֵל אֲחוֹהִי דְיוֹאָב בְּגִבָּרַיָא אֶלְחָנָן בַּר דוֹדוֹ דְמִבֵּית לָחֶם:
Asahel the brother of Joab was among the heroes; Elhanan the son of Dod of Bethlehem;
שַׁמָה דְמִן חֲרוֹד אֱלִיקָא דְמִן חֲרוֹד:
Shammah, who was of Harod; Elika, who was of Harod.
חֶלֶץ דְמִן פֶּלֶט עִירָא בַּר עִקֵשׁ דְמִתְּקוֹעַ:
Helez, who was of Palat; Ira the son of Ikkesh, who was of Tekoa;
אֲבִיעֶזֶר דְמִן עֲנָתוֹת מְבֻנַי דְמִן חֻשָׁת:
Abiezer, who was of Anathoth; Mebunnai, who was of Hushath;
צַלְמוֹן דְמִן אֲחֹחַ מַהֲרֵי דְמִן נְטוֹפֶת:
Zalmon, who was of Ahoah; Mahrai, who was of Netopha;
חֵלֶב בַּר בַּעֲנָה דְמִנְטֹפֶת אִתַי בַּר רִיבַי מִגִבְעֲתָא דִבְנֵי בִנְיָמִין:
Heleb the son of Baanah, who was of Netopha; Ittai the son of Ribai, who was of The Hill of the sons of Benjamin;
בְנָיָהוּ דְמִפִּרָעָתוֹן הִדֵי דְמִנַחֲלֵי גָעַשׁ:
Benaiah, who was of Pirathon; Hiddai, who was of the brooks of Gaash;
אֲבִי עַלְבוֹן דְמִן עַרְבָת עַזְמָוֶת דְמִבַּרְחֻם:
Abialbon, who was of Arbath; Azmaveth, who was of Barhum;
אֶלְיַחְבָּא דְמִשַׁעַלְבוֹן בְּנֵי יָשֵׁן יְהוֹנָתָן:
Eliahba, who was of Shaalbon; the sons of Jashen; Jonathan;
שַׁמָה דְמִן הֲרַר טוּרָאָה אֲחִיאָם בַּר שָׁרָר דְמִטוּר גָבוֹהַּ:
Shammah the Mountainite; Ahiam the son of Shara, who was from Har gaboah;
אֶלִיפֶלֶט בַּר אֲחַסְבִּי בַּר מַעֲכָת אֱלִיעָם בַּר אֲחִיתוֹפֶל גִלוֹנָאָה:
Eliphelet the son of Ahasbai the son of Maakath; Eliam the son of Ahithophel the Gilonite;
חֶצְרַי דְמִן כַּרְמְלָא פַעֲרַי דְמִן אֲרָב:
Hezrai, who was of Carmel; Paarai, who was of Arab;
יִגְאָל בַּר נָתָן דְמִצוֹבָה בָּנִי מִשֵׁבֶט גָד:
Igal the son of Nathan, who was of Zobah; Banee from the tribe of Gad;
צֶלֶק דְמִבְּנֵי עַמוֹן נַחֲרֵי דְמִן בְּאֵרוֹת נָטַל זְיָנֵיהּ דְיוֹאָב בַּר צְרוּיָה:
Zelek, who was from Ammon; Nahrai, who was of Beeroth, the armour bearer of Joab the son of Zeruiah;
עִירָא דְמִן יֶתֶר גָרַב דְמִן יֶתֶר:
Ira, who was of Jattir; Gareb, who was of Jattir;
אוּרִיָה חִתָּאָה כָּל גִבָּרַיָא תְלָתִין וּשְׁבָע:
Uriah the Hittite. Thirty seven heroes in all.