They may irrigate a field that normally suffices with rainwater (beit haba'al) from a newly emerging spring, the words of Rabbi Meir. And the Sages say, they may not irrigate a field that normally suffices with rainwater from it; rather, a hand-irrigated field that had dried up (M.K. 1:1). Rabbi Elazar ben Azariah says, they may not irrigate from it, and they may not fill up and irrigate with a swipe and bucket (kilon), and even from a pond that had [originally] been filled up with a swipe and bucket, but [as to] a pond that [was formed by water] trickling down from a hand-irrigated field, they may irrigate from it. Rabbi Shimon ben Menasya says, two pools -- this one above that one -- they may not pour [water] from the upper one to the lower one and thereby replenish it, but he may replenish [the water] from the upper one to the lower one. Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar says, [as to] a groove [in the field], part of which is low and part of which is high, he may not pour from the lower part to the higher part, but he may pour from the higher part to the lower part, and thereby irrigate it. [And] one may sprinkle water on a hand-irrigated field on a festival.

What are "ugiyot" (cf. Moed Katan 1:1)? They are [circular ditches] around the base of the trees. They may string vines and spread them out on a beam. A matter that would cause a [financial] loss (i.e., if not performed promptly): One may do it on a festival. A matter that would not cause a loss: One may not do it on a festival. A person may sell his pool of water to a Gentile, and exchange with him from Shabbat to after Shabbat, and need not be concerned.

They may not dig cisterns, ditches, and caves on a festival, but they may prepare them and rectify them. Said Rebbi, the words of Rabbi Yehuda are preferable as during a festival, and the words of the Sages [are preferable] during the sabbatical year. How so? Rabbi Yehuda would say, regarding a grain (lit., "white") field, he does not [perform work] in his normal manner; [rather,] he sticks it with a spear, hits it with an axe, and flattens the earth under it. Said Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar, and regarding which type of grain field was Rabbi Yehuda referring? Regarding a field that was adjacent to a hand-irrigated field, and not regarding a field that was adjacent to an orchard.

One whose wall inclines [dangerously] toward the public thoroughfare: He may tear it down and rebuild it on account of the mortal danger. The wall of a city that was breached: They may erect a fence around it. They erected a fence and it was breached: They may not erect a [second] fence. If it was adjacent to the [state] border, he may tear it down and rebuild it in his normal manner.

They may look at marks of leprosy in order to be lenient, but not to be stringent, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yosei says, if they are engaged in [looking at marks of leprosy] to be lenient, they will [necessarily] be engaged in it to be stringent. Said Rebbi, the words of Rabbi Meir are preferable as to one who is quarantined (i.e., in a case of doubtful leprosy), and the words of Rabbi Yosei [are preferable] as to one who has been confirmed [to have leprosy]. § What is "readying a grave"? He deepens it and lengthens it. And what is a "temporary grave" (M.K. 1:6)? That is a cleavage. Rabbi Yosei agrees that regarding one who [whitewashes a grave with] lime, that he may complete [his work], for they may apply lime on it on a holiday.

They may not become betrothed to women on a festival. Rabbi Yehuda permits it, lest another one do it first. With mercy they may annul [a marriage to a minor], divorce, and perform chalitza, and perform levirate marriage on a festival.

A person may gather [produce from] trees and vegetation, whether his own or that of his fellow, as long as an expert does not do it. And they may grind [wheat] during a festival. Something that would constitute a [financial] loss [if not performed promptly], they may do it during a festival. Something that would not constitute a loss, they may not do it during the festival. When do these words apply? With loose [produce], but if it is still attached [to the soil], even something that would constitute a loss may not be done on a festival. [If] he has nothing to eat, he may harvest, and bind into sheaves, and thresh, as long as he does not thresh with cattle.

They may purchase from idolaters fields, houses, and vineyards, animals, male slaves, and female slaves, because he is like one who rescues from their hands. And one may write [a document to that effect] and deposit it in the archives, and if he was a priest he may become impure for them (i.e., his relatives), and not only that, but even to render judgment on them outside the Land [of Israel]. And just as he may become impure outside the Land, so too may he become impure in a cemetery, and he may defile himself to study Torah, and he may defile himself to marry a woman. Rabbi Yehuda says, if there is someone else to study Torah, behold, this one should not defile himself, and if not, behold, this one should defile himself. Rabbi Yosei says, even if there is someone else who can study, behold, this one should defile himself, for not every person merits study; rather, from those who merit it.