The following words are written without a waw,¹ but are to be read with the *waw: and offered it;*² *said;*³ 19. Here and in the other verses which are cited the kethib is the singular and the ḳerë the plural. and [they] *said;*⁴ XII, 10. *and they spoke;*⁵ *shall they take away;*⁶ *and let them deliver;*⁷ XXII, 5. *and eat;*⁸ *together;*⁹ to be read for yaḥad. *and they shall profane it;*¹⁰ *and they offered;*¹¹ *was made;*¹² *and took upon them;*¹³ *Hananiah;*¹⁴ indicates Neh. 3, 30 where the text omits the waw at the end of ’aḥaraw (after him). Malchijah.¹⁵ 31 where the waw at the end of ’aḥaraw is also omitted. The reverse of this [occurs in the following words]:¹⁶ is written but not read. *my feet;*¹⁷ is ‘his feet’. [Although not included here, in the preceding verse my way is ‘his way’ in the kethib.] *throw her down;*¹⁸ is due to dittography and superfluous.] *and … commanded;*¹⁹ XVI, 15. The kethib means ‘commanded him’. *straight before him;*²⁰ is written as plural but to be read as singular. *the fountain gate;*²¹ is ‘they set up’ and the ḳerë (he) set up. *and called him;*²² and singular in the ḳerë. *and he assembled;*²³ 21. Here the reference is to the first verb was come which is written as plural but to be read as singular. took.²⁴ with the singular to be read for the plural in the text.

footnotes: ¹ At the end of the word. ² 1 Sam. 7, 9. ³ ibid. ⁴ ibid. ⁵ 1 Kings 12, 7. ⁶ 2 Kings 20, 18. ⁷ ibid. ⁸ Isa. 37, 30. ⁹ Jer. 48, 7, yaḥdaw ¹⁰ Ezek. 7, 21. ¹¹ Ezra 3, 3. ¹² Dan. 5, 21. ¹³ Esth. 9, 27. ¹⁴ Added by GRA and H. The name Hananiah ¹⁵ Indicating ibid. ¹⁶ A superfluous waw ¹⁷ 2 Sam. 22, 34; the kethib ¹⁸ 2 Kings 9, 33. [The added waw ¹⁹ ibid. ²⁰ In Ezek. 46, 9 where the verb shall go forth ²¹ In Neh. 3, 15 where the kethib ²² In 1 Kings 12, 3. The reference is to the word which follows which is plural in the kethib ²³ ibid. ²⁴ In 2 Kings 14, 13. The reference is again to the verb came

The following are written with a he which is not pronounced: *when I saw;*²⁵ and read wa’erë’. *and I brought;*²⁶ XXIV, 8, written wa’abih and read wa’abi. the lion²⁷ and read ha’ari. in the Book of Samuel;²⁸ is both written and read. *was he found;*²⁹ but the reading is nimẓa’. *and … saw;*³⁰ III, 7, written wattir’eh and read watter’ë’. this [city];³¹ XXVI, 6, written hazzothah and read hazzoth. *evil;*³² and read ra‘. [the] *evil;*³³ and read hara‘. *gone down;*³⁴ XV, 9, written ba’ah and read ba’. *and he shall come;*³⁵ XLIII, 11, written uba’ah and read uba’. *and a line;*³⁶ and read weḳaw. *and a line;*³⁷ *thoroughly;*³⁸. Ps. 51, 4, written harbeh and read hereb. *them that love me;*³⁹ and read ’ohabai. *and … friend;*⁴⁰ XXVII, 10, written were‘eh and read were‘a. *deal;*⁴¹ and read ya‘as. *open;*⁴² and read peḳaḥ. *a lion;*⁴³ and read ’ari. V incorrectly connects this with the next word joining them together as one. *these;*⁴⁴ and read ’el. venison.⁴⁵. Gen. 27, 3, written ẓedah and read ẓayid. The reverse is the case with the following:⁴⁶ is not pronounced, but the following are spelt without a he which is to be pronounced. *and multiplied;*⁴⁷ and read wa’arbeh. *on the housetop;*⁴⁸ and read haggagah. *and they;*⁴⁹ and read wehemmah. *be he;*⁵⁰ and read yihyeh. *and … shal be;*⁵¹ and read wehayethah. *and behold;*⁵² and read wenireh. *behold;*⁵³ LIV, 16, written hen and read hinneh. *planted;*⁵⁴ (shall … see) which is spelt without the final hei. *Gedaliah;*⁵⁵ XL, 16, referring to ta‘aseh (do) which is without the final hei. *and … she doted;*⁵⁶ and read watta‘gebah. *the measure;*⁵⁷ XLV, 3, where ḥamesh (five) is written and ḥamishshah read. *and I shall be glorified;*⁵⁸ and read we’ekkabedah. *three;*⁵⁹ (yea, four) is written and we’arba‘ah read. *she considereth;*⁶⁰ XXXI, 16, naṭa‘ (planteth) is written and naṭ‘ah read. *she perceiveth;*⁶¹ 18, ballayil (by night) is written and ballayelah read. *arise;*⁶² *remember;*⁶³ V, 1, habbeṭ (behold) is written and habbiṭah read. *turn Thou us;*⁶⁴ 21, wenashub (and we shall be turned) is written and wenashubah read. *thou hast declared;*⁶⁵ is written and we’attah read. *thou … hast cursed;*⁶⁶ *Thou hast set;*⁶⁷ and read shattah. *Thou hast made;*⁶⁸ and read ’attah. *is sore affrighted;*⁶⁹ *the carved work thereof;*⁷⁰ LXXIV, 6, written we‘at and read we‘attah. *with her harlotries;*⁷¹ and read ‘attah. *turn back;*⁷² (go your way) omits the final hei. *disclose;*⁷³ IV, 4, where we’eda‘ (that I may know) is written and read we’ede‘ah. Thou [hast] *made an hedge;*⁷⁴ (Thou) is written and ’attah read. and [he] saw.⁷⁵ XLII, 16, written wayyar and read wayyireh.

footnotes: ²⁵ Josh. 7, 21, written wa’er’eh ²⁶ ibid. ²⁷ 2 Sam. 23, 20, written ha’aryeh ²⁸ This excludes the parallel passage in 1 Chron. 11, 22 where ha’ari ²⁹ Jer. 48, 27, written nimẓa’ah ³⁰ ibid. ³¹ ibid. ³² Micah 3, 2, written ra‘ah ³³ Jer. 18, 10, written hara‘ah ³⁴ ibid. ³⁵ ibid. ³⁶ 1 Kings 7, 23, written weḳaweh ³⁷ Zech. 1, 16, as in the preceding note. ³⁸ V incorrectly gives the keyword as wera‘ ³⁹ Prov. 8, 17, written ’ohabehah ⁴⁰ ibid. ⁴¹ Ruth 1, 8, written ya‘aseh ⁴² Dan. 9, 18, written piḳḥah ⁴³ Lam. 3, 10, written ’aryeh ⁴⁴ Ezra 5, 15, written ’elleh ⁴⁵ V incorrectly reads ẓur ⁴⁶ In the preceding a written he ⁴⁷ Josh. 24, 3, written wa’ereb ⁴⁸ 1 Sam. 9, 26, written haggag ⁴⁹ 2 Sam. 21, 9, written wehem ⁵⁰ 1 Kings 1, 37, written yehi ⁵¹ 2 Kings 9, 37, written wehayath ⁵² Isa. 41, 23, written wenerë ⁵³ ibid. ⁵⁴ In Jer. 17, 8, referring to yireh ⁵⁵ ibid. ⁵⁶ Ezek. 23, 16, written watta‘gob ⁵⁷ ibid. ⁵⁸ Hag. 1, 8, written we’ekkabed ⁵⁹ In Prov. 30, 18, we’arba‘ ⁶⁰ ibid. ⁶¹ ibid. ⁶² In Lam. 2, 19, the same variant occurs as in the preceding. ⁶³ ibid. ⁶⁴ ibid. ⁶⁵ 1 Sam XXIV, 19, we’at ⁶⁶ Eccles. 7, 22, where the same variant occurs as in the preceding. ⁶⁷ Ps. 90, 8, written shatta ⁶⁸ Neh. 9, 6, written ’at ⁶⁹ In Ps. 6, 4 the same variant occurs as in the preceding. ⁷⁰ ibid. ⁷¹ In Ezek. 23, 43, written ‘at ⁷² In Ruth 1, 12, lekna ⁷³ ibid. ⁷⁴ In Job 1, 10, ’at ⁷⁵ ibid.

The following are written as one word and read as two words: *fortune is come;*⁷⁶ and read ba’gad. *a fiery law;*⁷⁷ and read ’esh dath. *consumed of the fire;*⁷⁸ and read me’esh tam. *what mean ye;*⁷⁹ and read mah lakem. *and, behold, he;*⁸⁰ and read wehinneh hu’. *what they;*⁸¹ and read mah hem. *Bani, of;*⁸² and read Bani min. *of the Benjamites;*⁸³ XXVII, 12, written lebenyemini and read labben yemini. *the helpless;*⁸⁴ and read ḥel ka’im. *may He incite death;*⁸⁵ LV, 16, written yashshimaweth and read yashshi maweth. *of the proud oppressors;*⁸⁶ CXXIII, 4, written lig’eyonim and read lig’ë yonim. *out of the whirlwind;*⁸⁷ and read min hasse‘arah. *out of a whirlwind;*⁸⁸ XL, 6, written minse‘arah and read min se‘arah. were broken down.⁸⁹ and read hem peruẓim. The reverse of the above are the following:⁹⁰ *when … were merry;*⁹¹ and read ḳetob. *of Benjamin;*⁹² and read mibbinyamin. *that … may be increased;*⁹³ and read lemarbeh. *out of the cave;*⁹⁴ and read mehamme‘arah. *by Myself;*⁹⁵ and read me’itti. *with their axes;*⁹⁶ and read beḥarbothehem. *from the daughter;*⁹⁷ and read mibbath. like the ostriches.⁹⁸ IV, 3, written kaye ‘enim and read kayye‘enim.

footnotes: ⁷⁶ Gen. 30, 11, written baggad ⁷⁷ Deut. 33, 2, written ’eshdath ⁷⁸ Jer. 6, 29, written me’eshtam ⁷⁹ Isa. 3, 15, written mallakem ⁸⁰ Jer. 18, 3, written wehinnehu ⁸¹ Ezek. 8, 6, written mahem ⁸² 1 Chron. 9, 4, written Binyamin ⁸³ ibid. ⁸⁴ Ps. 10, 10, written ḥelka’im ⁸⁵ ibid. ⁸⁶ ibid. ⁸⁷ Job 38, 1, written minhasse‘arah ⁸⁸ ibid. ⁸⁹ Neh. 2, 13, written hammeperuẓim ⁹⁰ Which are written as two words and read as one. ⁹¹ Judg. 16, 25, written ki ṭob ⁹² 1 Sam. 9, 1, written mibben yamin ⁹³ Isa. 9, 6, written lamed-mem resh-beth-he ⁹⁴ 1 Sam. 24. 8, written min hamme‘arah ⁹⁵ Isa. 44, 24, written mi’itti ⁹⁶ 2 Chron. 34, 6, written beḥar bothehem ⁹⁷ Lam. 1, 6, written min bath ⁹⁸ ibid.

The following are spelt with a waw but read with a *yod: prisoners;*⁹⁹ and read ’asirë. *Abigail;*¹⁰⁰ and read Abigail. *I make thee … go up and down;*¹⁰¹ and read ani‘aka. *chief men;*¹⁰² and read ’elë. *I will … make … straight;*¹⁰³ and read ’ayashsher. *I will … make them run away;*¹⁰⁴ and read ’ariẓem. *on mine eye;*¹⁰⁵ and read be‘eni. *cistern;*¹⁰⁶ and read bayir. *in their march;*¹⁰⁷ and read bahalikotham. *set apart;*¹⁰⁸ and read haḥofshith. V inserts here another example, viz. ‘my way’, but N.Y. declares it to be incorrect and H omits it. *wilt thou set;*¹⁰⁹ and read hata‘if. *ye might provoke Me;*¹¹⁰ and read hak‘iseni. *make straight;*¹¹¹ and read hayeshar. *who were set;*¹¹² and read hannethinim. *that taught;*¹¹³ and read hammebinim. *Birzaith;*¹¹⁴ and read Birzaith. *will greatly rejoice;*¹¹⁵ and read gil yagil. *Dehites;*¹¹⁶ and read Dehayë. *bring forth;*¹¹⁷ and read hayẓë’. *Harsith;*¹¹⁸ and read haḥarsith. *Luhith;*¹¹⁹ XLVIII, 5, written halluḥoth and read halluḥith. *the entry;*¹²⁰ and read hammebi’. *the strong;*¹²¹ and read habbaẓir. *made to murmur;*¹²² and read wayyalinu. *and Shahazim;*¹²³ and read weshaḥaẓimah. *and a royal diadem;*¹²⁴ and read uẓenif. *and a thing of nought and the deceit;*¹²⁵ and read we’elil wetarmith. *and the swallow;*¹²⁶ VIII, 7, written wesus and read wesis. *and the galleries thereof;*¹²⁷ and read we’attiḳeha. *and Tilon;*¹²⁸ and read wetilon. *Jehiel;*¹²⁹ and read Jeḥi’el. *and prepare ye;*¹³⁰ XXXV, 4, written wehikkonu and read wehakkinu. *thy bosom;*¹³¹ and read ḥeḳeka. *a side-structure;*¹³² and read yaẓi‘a. *Jair;*¹³³ and read Ya‘ir. *alienate;*¹³⁴ and read ya‘abir. *Jeiel;*¹³⁵ and read Je‘i’el. *they wander up and down;*¹³⁶ and read yeni‘un. *let … cover them;*¹³⁷ CXL, 10, written yekassumo and read yekassemo. *they cause … to fall;*¹³⁸ and read yakshilu. *to strive;*¹³⁹ and read larib. *singing;*¹⁴⁰ and read lashir. *Laish;*¹⁴¹ and read Layish. *for fishers;*¹⁴² and read ledayyagim. *dross;*¹⁴³ and read lesig. *for a spoil;*¹⁴⁴ and read limshissah. *their furrows;*¹⁴⁵ and read lema‘anitham. *Mephaath;*¹⁴⁶ and read mepa‘ath. *from Naioth;*¹⁴⁷ and read minnayoth. *stretched-forth;*¹⁴⁸ and read neṭioth. *fruit;*¹⁴⁹ LVII, 19, written nob and read nib. *Nebai;*¹⁵⁰ and read Nebai. *Nephishesim;*¹⁵¹ VII, 52, written Nefushesim and read Nefishesim. *leave;*¹⁵² and read sim. *ready dressed;*¹⁵³ and read ‘asiyoth. *Ephai;*¹⁵⁴ and read ‘ephai. *Ephrain;*¹⁵⁵ and read ‘Efrain. V incorrectly reads ‘Abarim. the second¹⁵⁶ in Esth. 3, 14. *ready;*¹⁵⁷ and read ‘athidim. *their lads;*¹⁵⁸ and read ẓe‘irehem. her little ones;¹⁵⁹ XLVIII, 4, written ẓe‘oreha and read ẓe‘ireha. dung.¹⁶⁰ and read ẓefi‘ë. [38b]

footnotes: ⁹⁹ Gen. 39, 20, written ’asurë ¹⁰⁰ 1 Sam. 25, 18, written Abugail ¹⁰¹ 2 Sam. 15, 20, written anu‘aka ¹⁰² 2 Kings 24, 15, written ’ulë ¹⁰³ Isa. 45, 2, written ’aushir ¹⁰⁴ Jer. 50, 44, written ’aruẓem ¹⁰⁵ 2 Sam. 16, 12, written ba‘awoni ¹⁰⁶ Jer. 6, 7, written bor ¹⁰⁷ Nahum 2, 6, written bahalokotham ¹⁰⁸ 2 Chron. 26, 21, written haḥofshuth ¹⁰⁹ Prov. 23, 5, written hata‘uf ¹¹⁰ Jer. 25, 7, written hik‘oseni ¹¹¹ Ps. 5, 9, written haushar ¹¹² Ezra 8, 17, written hannethunim ¹¹³ 2 Chron. 35, 3, written hammebonim ¹¹⁴ 1 Chron. 7, 31, written Birzoth ¹¹⁵ Prov. 23, 24, written gol yagul ¹¹⁶ Ezra 4, 9, written Dehawë ¹¹⁷ Gen. 8, 17, written hawẓë’ ¹¹⁸ Jer. 19, 2, written haḥarsoth ¹¹⁹ ibid. ¹²⁰ Ezek. 42, 9, written hammebo’ ¹²¹ Zech. 11, 2, written habbaẓur ¹²² Numb. 14, 36, written wayyillonu ¹²³ Josh. 19, 22, written weshaḥaẓumah ¹²⁴ Isa. 62, 3, written uẓenuf ¹²⁵ Jer. 14, 14, written we’elul wetarmuth ¹²⁶ ibid. ¹²⁷ Ezek. 41, 15, written we’attoḳeha ¹²⁸ 1 Chron. 4, 20, written wetolon ¹²⁹ 2 Chron. 29, 14, written Jeḥu’el ¹³⁰ ibid. ¹³¹ Ps. 74, 11, written ḥoḳeka ¹³² 1 Kings 6, 5, written yaẓu‘a ¹³³ 1 Chron. 20, 5, written Ya‘or ¹³⁴ Ezek. 48, 14, written ya‘abor ¹³⁵ 1 Chron. 9, 35, written Je‘u’el ¹³⁶ Ps. 59, 16, written yenu‘un ¹³⁷ ibid. ¹³⁸ Prov. 4, 16, written yiksholu ¹³⁹ Judg. 21, 22, written larub ¹⁴⁰ 1 Sam. 18, 6, written lashur ¹⁴¹ 2 Sam. 3, 15, written Lush ¹⁴² Jer. 16, 16, written ledogim ¹⁴³ Ezek. 22, 18, written lesog ¹⁴⁴ Isa. 42, 24, written limshoseh ¹⁴⁵ Ps. 129, 3, written lema‘anotham ¹⁴⁶ Jer. 48, 21, written mopha‘ath ¹⁴⁷ 1 Sam. 20, 1, written minnawoth ¹⁴⁸ Isa. 3, 17, written neṭuwothn ¹⁴⁹ ibid. ¹⁵⁰ Neh. 10, 20, written Nubai ¹⁵¹ ibid. ¹⁵² 2 Sam. 14, 7, written sum ¹⁵³ 1 Sam. 25, 18, written ‘asuwoth ¹⁵⁴ Jer. 40, 8, written ‘ufai ¹⁵⁵ 2 Chron. 13, 19, written ‘Efron ¹⁵⁶ This excludes the first ready ¹⁵⁷ Esth. 8, 13, written ‘athudim ¹⁵⁸ Jer. 14, 3, written ẓe‘orehem ¹⁵⁹ ibid. ¹⁶⁰ Ezek. 4, 15, written ẓefu‘ë