המבריך את הגפן בארץ – and it passes the sinking outside of six handbreadths, for within six handbreadths, even that there is dirt upon it for three handbreadths, it is prohibited, because it is the tilling of an individual vine.

לא יביא זרע עליה [the underground vine] – but from the side, it is permitted, for when one seeds to the sides, they don’t take root, but rather that they make the crushed earth and it affects the foundations of the wall when they are sown next to it, but their roots grow from the side. But the reason that one should not bring seed upon the sunken vine even outside of its tilling is because the vine is soft and the roots of the seeds enter the vine and there is the sinking of a vegetable in the tree, but the rest of the trees that are not soft is permitted.

אפילו הבריכה בדלעת או בסלון (if in sinking a vine he conducted it through gourd shells or through a pipe – so that it could draw no nourishment from the ground which it passed) – that he inserted the vine within the gourd or within the pipe, it is prohibited because the roots of the seeds perforate and penetrate until the vine when there are not three handbreadths of dirt upon it. And because the seeds in a gourd is not forbidden as for example, that the gourd is dry.

סלון – it is a water pipe and a tube/spout or one pipe. But especially in an earthenware pipe/tube, we are speaking of a metal tube that does not require dirt of three handbreadths.

הבריכה בסלע – in a hard [rock], for a soft rock [penetrates] and is opened from the roots.

הארכובה שבגפן – a vine that is curved and bent on the ground and returns and is put up like a kind of curved knee, when hey come to measure six handbreadths that are the tilling of the individual vine, hey measure from the second root from the place where it returns and stands up straight. But these words apply when the first root is not seen but rather it is similar to a tree when it is planted in the place of its bending, but if the first root appears that it is the root of the curved vine, we don’t measure other than from the first root.

המבריך שלש גפנים – it is the manner of one who sinks [vine shoots] when two vine-shoots go out from one vine, he digs in the ground and lays the vine-shoots down underneath the ground at that hole and removes its head from one side and it becomes a vine, it is found from three vines, we make six. And the same law applies that one can teach about one [who grafts/sinks] two vines from three for through this it is vineyard, for there are two corresponding to the two, and one comes out with a tail.

ועקריהן נראין – for he did not lay down all of the vine in the ground, for [if this were not the case], there would not be three making six vines, but rather that he left the root and made from one vine- two vines.

אם יש – between one vine and another, not less than four [cubits] and not more than eight [cubits], they combine, even though that two absorb from one root, we consider them like two vines.

גפן שיבשה אסורה – it is prohibited to sow within its tillage because of the question of appearance/מראית העין, but if he sowed, it is not sanctified, and it doesn’t matter that in the winter that it is forbidden to sow underneath it for one is concerned for appearance, for all of the vines appear like dried-out/withered ones, but even during the summer when it is recognized that it is withered it is forbidden, because also during the summer, there are vines that fall upon them and appear like withered but they are withered/dried out.

צמר גפן – a soft, spongy, hackled wool that they call KUTRUN – and its tree is similar to a vine, is prohibited and is not sanctified because it is not a species of seed.

אף על גבי הגפן – if one seeded on top of the vine that is sunken in the ground, but without three handbreadths of dirt on it, it is prohibited and is not sanctified . But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Meir nor according to Rabbi Eleazar b’Rabbi Tzadok who said it in his name.

אלו אוסרים –[prohibit] the place from sowing it.

ולא מקדשין – that if he sowed it, the seed does not require burning.

מותר חרבן הכרם – as for example, that which is taught in the Mishnah above (see Tractate Kilayim, Chapter 4, Mishnah 1) the razed portion of a vineyard requires sixteen cubits; if there were only fifteen cubits [there] and he sowed seven cubits, he did not sanctify it. And similarly, the remainder of the untilled ground surrounding the vineyard (between the vines and the fence) requires twelve cubits; if there were only eleven cubits there, and he distanced himself four cubits from the vineyard and sowed the remainder, he did not sanctify it.

מותר פסקי עריס – as it is taught in the Mishnah in the chapter above (see Tractate Kilayim, Chapter 6, Mishnah 6), if there are there [eight] cubits, he should not bring seed to there, but if he distanced himself six handbreadths from here and six handbreadths from there and sowed the remainder, he did not sanctify it, and [the term] פסקי העריס/an espalier (lattice work of laths) which was destroyed in the middle, while five vines remain on each side was taken as a remarkable thing, and even though there is an espalier from this side and an espalier on the other side, all the more so, in one espalier.

מותר אפיפירות (remainder of the lattice-work of laths) that is taught in the Mishnah in the chapter above (Tractate Kilayim, Chapter 6, Mishnah 3), he should not bring seed underneath the remainder [but] if he brought, he did not sanctify [what is underneath].

אבל תחת גפן – as for example, a vine-shoot that continues outside of the area of tillage of the vine and he seeded underneath it.

ועבודת הגפן – six handbreadths which are the tillage of an individual vine.

ועבודת הכרם – four cubits.

וחייב באחריותו (and is liable for its replacement) – to pay him for his grain, and even for who holds the opinion that one who is the cause of damage to another person is not responsible (see Talmud Bava Kamma 98b), it is different here because he performs an action with his hands.

such as placing [forbidden] fats and blood in the pot of his fellow, or in the meat in the milk of his fellow, which forbids them, but Kilayim/mixed seeds are different , as it is written regarding them (Deuteronomy 22:9): “You shall not sow your vineyard with a second seed,” which implies your vineyard, but not another vineyard, but the Rabbis state [that the Biblical passage] “You shall not sow your vineyard” – I do not have other than “your vineyard” – but where do I learn about another vineyard (i.e., of another person), the inference teaches us, “mixed seeds,” in any case. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yossi and not according to Rabbi Akiva.

בשמיטה – he does not have in them a complete acquisition as everything is ownerless and it is not considered as his.

האנס – who stole a vineyard and sowed it.

ויצא מלפניו – that the vineyard returned to its owners when it was sown.

קוצרהו אפילו במועד – and even though it is not a matter that will be irretrievably lost, for a person does not prohibit something that is not his, even though because of the sake of appearance, they permitted him to cut it down on the [Intermediate Day of the] Festival, so that it would not appear like someone maintaining Kilayim/mixed seeds in a vineyard. Alternatively, if he is afraid lest he will add two-hundred during the [Intermediate Days of the] Festival, then it would be a matter that will be irretrievably lost, for even though that the person who stole the vineyard and sowed it did not prohibit them, for a person does not prohibit something that is not his, nevertheless, if they added two hundred after the field return to the owners, it is sanctified, for one does not diminish from when I will return, I will harvest it or the wind-storm before him is in front of him, as it is taught above (see Mishnah 4 of this chapter) that he sanctified it.

עד שליש – there are those who explain until one -third of the salary of the workers, for if he did not find workers other than for a third more than their salaries that are appropriate, he should give in order that they can uproot the Kilayim/mixed seeds immediately, more than this, he should not give, but should cut them down in their ordinary manner even though the mixed seeds tarry/remain in the vineyard. But there are those who explain [the term] "עד שליש"/up to a-third – from what the fruit of the vineyard and the grain of the field are worth he should give to the workers in order that they immediately uproot the mixed seeds, [but] more than one-third the value of the fruit of the vineyard and the grain sown he should not give, but rather, he should wait until he can cut them in the usual manner.

מאימתי נקרא אנס – that is to say, from when is the vineyard called by the name of the person who stole (i.e., usurped) a vineyard and stole it to be considered as if it is his to prohibit it from sowing.

משישקע-[when it will settle] the name of the owners from the vineyard and it will be called by the name of the thief, from that hour the vineyard will be considered as his and he will sanctify all that he sows in it.

הרוח שעלעלה – [a wind] that stormed, a windstorm we translate in Aramaic as a wind casting [grape vines over standing grain].

יגדור -like cutting dates,, that is, he should sever and harvest.

וכן ירק – [that which hangs over] underneath the vine.

יחזיר – [he will restore] the grain and vegetation to their places.

ואינו מקדש – if he did not return, he does not sanctify it, for it is taught in the Mishnah above (see Tractate Kilayim, Chapter 7, Mishnah 3), underneath the vine it prohibits and he sanctifies it, that is when the root of the grain is underneath the vine, but when the vine of the grain stands over it outside of the vine and hangs over underneath the vine, he does not sanctify it.

משתשריש – from the time that the roots spread out in the ground. But there are those who have the reading, "משתשליש" – that it should bring forth a third, for the All-Merciful stated (Deuteronomy 22:9): “and the yield of the vineyard,” but less than one-third is not called grain.

וענבים משיעשו כפול הלבן – if he sowed grain or vegetation in a vineyard that its grapes with the stalk of grapes did not reach becoming like he hyacinth bean, and he uprooted the seed prior to it reaching the stalk of grapes to be like the hyacinth bean, this is not sanctified. And similarly, the stalk of grapes that became like the hyacinth bean and he sowed on their side grain or vegetation and harvested the seed prior to taking root, or prior to its bringing forth a third according to the one who had the reading of “that it should bring forth a third/משתשליש,” this is not sanctified.

וענבים שבשלו כל צרכן – and he planted a vine at the side of the grain that had withered all of its need, or sowed at the side [the grapes that had ripened] fully, they are not sanctified, for Scripture states (Deuteronomy 22:9): “else the crop – from the seed you have sown – and the yield of the vineyard may not be used, is not sanctified until there will be there the seed you have sown and the yield of the vineyard, but the grain and/or the vegetation that had not taken root or had not brought forth one-third did not reach the general principle of seed that you have sown – and similarly, after they withered, further, they are not called seed that you have sown, but grapes prior to their becoming like the hyacinth bean or after they have fully ripened, are not called the yield of the vineyard.

עציץ נקוב – that has in it a perforation in order that a small root and seed are inside of it (i.e., the perforated pot) [which prohibits the use of the vines when located in the vineyard].

מקדש בכרם – if he left it in a vineyard or four cubits of the tilling of the vineyard, he sanctifies it as if it was planted in the earth.

אסורין ולא מקדשין – he should not bring seed into it ab initio, but if he brought and does not sanctify for it is not as if he is sowing in the earth. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Shimon.

המעביר עציץ נקוב בכרם – a perforated pot that has in it grain that has brought forth one-third growth, and he transferred it to a vineyard that has stalks of grapes like the hyacinth/white bean, he did not leave it in the ground but rather transferred it under the vines alone, if they added the seeds on the way of transferring part of two hundred on what they were from at the outset, the seed is prohibited in the common earthen vessel, but the vines that were not sanctified, since they were not left in the ground. But above in the chapter “The vineyard which lay waste/כרם שחרב“ (Chapter 5 of Tractate Kilayim we explained how we view things if he added one from two-hundred – see Mishnah 6).