יש מביאין את הטומאה – that if they overshadowed over the defilement and humans and/or vessels bring the defilement on a person and on the vessels, and even though they didn’t come in contact/touch the defilement.

וחוצצים – if the defilement is below them, they protect persons and vessels that are upon them. Because they do not interpose in the face of the defilement. And similarly if the defilement is upon them from the outside, it protects vessels that are underneath them.

שידה (chest) a large wooden box like a kind of ark.

תיבה – small similar to tables.

מגדל (turret/cupboard) – of wood made for storage.

כוורת הקש – large baskets made from straw or from willow or branches of palm trees.

כוורת הקנים – like baskets that are made from reeds.

ובור ספינה אלכסנדרית (tank of sweet water in a ship of Alexandrian merchantmen) – the large ships that they go to sea on the large ocean (i.e., Mediterranean Sea), they make within it a large wooden vessel like a cistern that the place in it sweet water that is appropriate for drinking.

והן מחזיקין ארבעים סאה כלה – for since they are large in this measure, they furthermore are not susceptible to receive defilement, and they interpose in the face of defilement.

סקורטיא (a leather bed-sheet) – a hide that the tanners wear at the time of their work.

קטבליא (hide used as a spread) - a hid that they spread over the bed and lie upon it, and we call it NETA in Arabic.

שהן עשויין אהלים – hanging over similar to a tent. And the leather-bed sheet/סקורטיא and the קטבליא/hide used as a spread and the sheet and the matting and the mat are vessels and susceptible to receive ritual defilement, anyway when they are hanging over like tents they interpose before the defilement, for a tent even though it receives defilement interposes in front of the defilement.

ועדר בהמות – when they are standing and not walking and the head of this one is between the legs of that one.

ומכונות חיה ועוף – nests of wildlife and birds. It is the language of (Exodus 15:27): “The place You made to dwell in.”

והעוף ששכן – that was tied on the wall or on the tree.

והעושה מקום לבינה בשבלים – that cover the ears of corn/spike (i.e., the sheaves), a place that is similar to a house.

האירוס והקיסום ודלעת יונית וירקת חמורים (the lily with an aromatic root, the ivy, the Greek gourd and the ass-herbs) – all these are kinds of vegetables whose leaves are wide.

חוץ מן העיגול של דבילה – because that underneath the shade of the pressed cake of figs, they would regularly sit more than the rest of the foods. And this is taught in the Tosefta (Tractate Ohalot, Chapter 9, Halakha 5). But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yohanan ben Nuri.

הזיזין (projections from door frames serving as a shed over the entrance – or a molding projecting from a window-sill serving as a bracket) – a piece of wood or an individual stone that protects out from the wall is called a זיז.

גזריות – like [the word]גזוזטראות /balconies). A building of stones or of wood that project from the wall.

והשובכות – of doves.

והשקיפים והסלעים – we explained this above at the conclusion of chapter 3 [of this tractate] (i.e., clefts in the stones and rocks – one made by the rain and the other made on its own).

גהרים (projection, jetty) - kind of holes that from there comes the light. And there are those who explain it as kinds of caves and thorns.-

והשננים (pointed rocks/cliffs) – teeth of the rock.

מעזיבה רכה – as for example that they make from willow and reeds and place upon them a bit of plaster.

מעזיבה בינונית – but if they are not able to endure other than a soft concrete of stone chippings, they don’t bring the defilement and do not interpose. And the Halakha is according to the Sages.

אילן מיסך -the language of (Exodus 25:20): “shielding the cover with their wings.”

והפרעות היוצאות מן הגדר (the case of protruding boughs on one of which is an uncleanness – which protrudes from the hedge) – it is the manner of a fence that we place on its top thorns and thistles, and they are more abundant on the fence and protrude outward. And [the word] פרעות/long, entangled growth (i.e., protruding boughs). The language of (Numbers 6:5): “[the hair of his head] left to grow untrimmed.”

ואין מחזיקים ארבעים סאה בלח – for since they are susceptible to receive ritual defilement, they do not interpose.

שאין עושיין אהלים – they are not insert/planted similar to a tent, but rather are flattened/spread according to the aperture in the roof looking to the ground floor.

מוסף עליהם הריחים של אדם – that is the hand millstone, which are carried and susceptible to receiving ritual impurity. This excludes the millstone of cattle that are not carried and are not susceptible to receiving ritual impurity.

מסכת פרוסה (the spread web – i.e., the web hanging from the transverse beam) – the threads of the warp/longitudinal direction like they are spread out in a weaver’s vessel prior to weaving the cloth. If they were spread out over an aperture in the roof looking to the ground floor that is between the house and the upper room and the defilement is below it, it protects upon the vessels that are above, but if it overshadows the corpse or on the vessels, it does not bring the defilement, for it is not considered a tent until it is woven.

וחבילי המטה (the rope-work of the bed) – ropes of he better when it the straps are drawn in bedsteads.

והמשפלות (wicker baskets carried on a pole over the shoulder) – baskets that they remove the manure In them.

והסריגים שבחלונות (and the window lattices) – network/matting that they make in the windows, interposes, for the defilement does not pass to one side. And as long as there will not be in all of them an incision like is open to a handbreadth, for an incision/hole that is open to a handbreadth brings in the defilement.

ירקות שמנו – those that are taught in the Mishnah at the beginning of this chapter (Mishnah 1), The lily with the aromatic root/אירוס, and the ivy and the vegetables of ass-herbs and Greek gourd. And these are when attached, for if they are detached, if they became susceptible to receive ritual impurity, they don’t interpose, for something that is susceptible to receive ritual impurity does not interpose in the face of defilement. But if they were among those that were not susceptible, that is pure foods.

כפת הברד (hailstones) – a piece of the hail. It is the language of (Psalms 147:17): “He tosses down hail like crumbs.” Alternatively, hail that is made like an arch.

והכפור(frost) – water that flows/runs and comes down when it is frozen.

גליד – the frozen water of rivers (i.e., ice).

והמלח – all of these they don’t bring and they don’t interpose. Because they melt and do not endure.

דולג (which hops/skips) – animals and wild life, and jump at humans. But there are those who say, that hopping and jumping – both of them refer to humans, but rather hopping where his one foot is placed on the ground and he hops with the second; and jumps, with both feet.

וטלית המפנפת (a sheet suspended as a banner) – that when the wind waves it and it stands in the air like an arched compartment.

כבש את האבן על גבי הטלית (presses the stone on top of the cloak) – that there was a stone placed on one end of the cloak and the wind blew the second end and it became like a kind of tent.

מביאה את הטומאה – if it overshadowed over the corpse or on vessels, it brings the defilement o the vessels.

הבית שבספינה – as for example, that the house at the top of a ship and it overshadows on the vessels that are on the ship and on the corpse that is in the sea at the time that it is travelling. Another explanation, the house that is on the ship and it is not able to withstand the wind that is found, and even if it overshadowed on the corpse and the vessels that are on the ship do not bring the defilement, and it is not considered a tent. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yossi.

בשני חצאי זיתים – half an olive’s bulk in this one, and half in that one.

הבית טמא – that a tightly-fitting cover does not protect on the defilement that is under it so that the house would defile the house, but even though that they are in two jars, for since both of them are in the house they combine to the measurement to defile the house. But the jars are ritually pure, for the defilement of one-half an olive’s bulk that is in its companion jar enters into it, sine it is surrounded with a tight-fitting cover.

וכן שני חדרים שהן פתוחים לבית – and their doors are locked, and there is a half-olive’s bulk in this room and a half-olive’s bulk in that room, the house is impure, for ultimately the defilement exits, but the rooms are ritually pure, for there is no pay for the defilement to enter in.