אלו מפסיקין – between one field and another and they would be considered like two fields, regarding [the case] that if he left the corner fallow in one of them over its neighbor, he did not fulfill [the Mitzvah] of Peah, as it is written (Leviticus 19:9): “….you shall not reap all the way to the edges of your field…,” for he did not leave the corner fallow from one field to its neighbor.

הנחל – river

שלולית – canal that imparts booty (alluvium) to its banks (see Talmud Bava Kamma 61a), that other canals drink from it.

ודרך היחיד – four cubits

ודרך הרבים – sixteen cubits, and because of the concluding section [of the Mishnah] it used it, for it was necessary for the Mishnah to teach the ending section that all of these do not form a division at a tree. And it comes to tell us that even the communal path which is sixteen cubits wide does not form a division at a tree.

שביל הרבים ושביל היחיד – many small paths that took a foot and left a foot, and we learn that even the communal path if it is fixed for the days of sunshine (i.e., summer months) and the days of rain (i.e., winter months), that means to say, that people walk on it, even at the time when the fields are sown during the rainy seasons that separate between sown fields, and if not, they do not separate.

הבור – a field that is not sown [as it is written] (Genesis 47:19): “that the land may not become a waste,” which we translate [in Aramaic]: “and the land lay waste.”

והניר – ploughing, like (Jeremiah 4:3): “Break up the untilled ground, [and do not sow among thorns].”

וזרע אחר – like the example of two fields that are sown with wheat and between them is a piece of land sown with another kind. And the measurement of the width of the fallow land or the newly broken land and another seed is of three furrows with the handle of the plow.

והקוצר לשחת מפסיק – for he (i.e., Rabbi Meir) holds that a person who harvests young grain [for use as fodder] – is not for harvesting, and we don’t consider it as the beginning of harvesting. Corn that is used as fodder at its earliest stage which is grain that did not bring forth a third, and we harvest it to feed it to animals. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Meir.

אמת המים שאינה יכולה להקצר כאחת – which was so wide that until one stands in the middle [of the channel] , he is unable to reap from one side or the other.

ר' יהודה אומר מפסקת – And he disagrees with the First Tanna, that he said above regarding the pool, that is the canal that in every manner it forms a division; but Rabbi Yehuda holds that if he is able to reap as one, it does not divide. And the Halakha is according to Rabbi Yehuda.

וכל ההרים אשר במעדר יעדרון – A mountain whose thin-point is upright and cattle with its utensils are unable to to pass there, and there is a division between the two fields.

הוא נותן פאה לכל – that is to say, he gives provides one “Peah”/corner for the two fields and it is not considered a division, for since they are hoed with a mattock, that is to say, that people dig the mountain with the utensil that they dig up the ground, this is not a division. For the person who sees it says that this not uncultivated ground, but the next day, they hoe it with a mattock and seed it and the two fields which are as one.

הכל מפסיק לזרעים – It is explains in the Gemara of the Jerusalem Talmud (Peah 17a) that the word הכל/all of these – includes a rock hat would pass over the face of the entire field. If it is necessary to uproot the plough from this side in order to place it on that side, one makes a division.

אלא גדר – ten handbreadths high.

שער כותש – the branches of a tree are called שער. And the explanation is a thick hair crown, i.e., ramifications forming a sort of arbor – that the boughs of the trees combine one with the other above from the fence like these leaves that are caught in the mortar-shaped cavity. [The Gemara asks: Does this mean, like the pestle in the mortar (i.e., the partition is formed by a depression in the ground between the two fields, out of which the fence rises), or does it mean, pressing up (overgrowing) the fence? The ‘hair (ramification) presses, and not the ‘fence presence’, it is evident that it means overgrowing the fence.’].

כל הרואים זה את זה – All the while that he stands near one of the trees, he can see the other tree; even though there is a fence between them, it does not divide, and he takes [one portion of] Peah from the one tree on behalf of its neighbor.

לזיתים שהיו להם בכל רוח – They would give [one portion of] Peah on all the olives that they had on the eastern side of the city, and another [portion of] Peah for all the olives that they had on eh western side, and similarly for the four directions.

שהיו להם בכל העיר – they do not give other than one [portion of] Peah for all of them, even though they don’t see each other, but the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Eliezer the son of Rabbi Tzadok who quoted him. But the Halakha is according to Rabban Gamaliel.

שני מיני חיטין – such as reddish, dark-colored wheat and white-colored wheat

הלבלר – the scribe

הזוגות – they are those mentioned two-by-two in the first chapter of Mishnah Avot (from Mishnah 4), where two [individuals] received [the tradition] from two [others] [until] from the mouth of Shimon HaTzaddik/the Righteous.

שדה שקצרוה גוים – for themselves. But the heathen workers did not harvest it for an Israelite, for then, it is as if an Israelite harvested it.

קרסמוה נמלים – it is the manner of ants to sever the branch of an ear of corn from the bottom, and this is called the plucking of tops off, in the language of (Psalms 80:14): “wild boars gnaw at it.”

פטורה – as it is written concerning the corner (Leviticus 23:22): “and when you reap [the harvest of your land…” until you, yourselves will be the reapers/harvesters.

שחובת הקציר בקמה – that is to say, the obligation for the corner of this that is left standing, and assuming that if the field was destroyed, the corner returned to the sheaves and he is liable to separate the corner from the sheaves; these words apply where the field was destroyed, but here it was not destroyed.

הלוקח נותן פאה לכל – that the obligation of the corner from what he had harvested remains in that one-half that the purchaser bought, and it is as if he did not sell him other than what had remained in the field after he removed from it the appropriate corner to be removed from that field, and similarly, one who redeems from the hand of the treasurer removes from the one-half that he redeemed the appropriate corner for the entire field.