Text

Deuteronomy Chapter 23

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לֹא־יִקַּ֥ח אִ֖ישׁ אֶת־אֵ֣שֶׁת אָבִ֑יו וְלֹ֥א יְגַלֶּ֖ה כְּנַ֥ף אָבִֽיו׃{ס}

Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009

A man may not marry his father’s wife, and may not expose the edge of his father’s garment.

The Koren Jerusalem Bible

A man shall not take his father’s wife, nor uncover his father’s skirt.

The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein

A man shall not take his father's wife [(Marriage does not "take" in her)], and he shall not uncover his father's lap [i.e., a woman who awaits his father for levirate marriage (shomereth yavam). One who lies with his father's shomereth yavam is hereby made subject to two negative commandments — this and Leviticus 18:14. And the juxtaposition with verse 3 indicates that only the issue of kareth relationships (like that of a shomereth yavam) is a mamzer — a fortiori, the issue of those relationships punishable by death, all such relationships being punishable by kareth (in the absence of warning)].

לֹֽא־יָבֹ֧א פְצֽוּעַ־דַּכָּ֛א¹ וּכְר֥וּת שׇׁפְכָ֖ה בִּקְהַ֥ל יְהֹוָֽה׃{ס}

footnotes: ¹ (בספרי ספרד ורוב ספרי אשכנז דַּכָּ֛ה)

Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009

One may not enter—with injured or crushed genitals or with a gash causing spilling—into Adonoy’s community.

The Koren Jerusalem Bible

He that is wounded in the stones, or has his privy member cut off, shall not enter into the congregation of the Lord.

The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein

A petzua dakkah [one whose testicles have been maimed or crushed] and a keruth shafchah [one whose membrum is cut, so that the sperm is not ejected but drips, obviating conception] shall not come into the congregation of the L-rd.

לֹא־יָבֹ֥א מַמְזֵ֖ר בִּקְהַ֣ל יְהֹוָ֑ה גַּ֚ם דּ֣וֹר עֲשִׂירִ֔י לֹא־יָ֥בֹא ל֖וֹ בִּקְהַ֥ל יְהֹוָֽה׃{ס}

Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009

A base-born may not enter into Adonoy’s community, even his tenth generation may not enter into Adonoy’s community.

The Koren Jerusalem Bible

A bastard shall not enter into the congregation of the Lord; even to his tenth generation shall he not enter into the congregation of the Lord.

The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein

A mamzer (see 1) shall not come into the congregation of the L-rd [i.e., he may not marry an Israelite woman]. Even the tenth generation shall not come for him into the congregation of the L-rd.

לֹֽא־יָבֹ֧א עַמּוֹנִ֛י וּמוֹאָבִ֖י בִּקְהַ֣ל יְהֹוָ֑ה גַּ֚ם דּ֣וֹר עֲשִׂירִ֔י לֹא־יָבֹ֥א לָהֶ֛ם בִּקְהַ֥ל יְהֹוָ֖ה עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃

Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009

[Neither] an Ammonite nor a Moavite may enter into Adonoy’s community; even their tenth generation may not enter into Adonoy’s community forever.

The Koren Jerusalem Bible

An ῾Ammonite or a Mo᾽avite shall not enter into the congregation of the Lord; even to their tenth generation shall they not enter into the congregation of the Lord for ever:

The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein

An Ammonite and a Moavite shall not come into the congregation of the L-rd [i.e., they may not marry Israelite women]. Even the tenth generation shall not come for them into the congregation of the L-rd, forever.

עַל־דְּבַ֞ר אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹא־קִדְּמ֤וּ אֶתְכֶם֙ בַּלֶּ֣חֶם וּבַמַּ֔יִם בַּדֶּ֖רֶךְ בְּצֵאתְכֶ֣ם מִמִּצְרָ֑יִם וַאֲשֶׁר֩ שָׂכַ֨ר עָלֶ֜יךָ אֶת־בִּלְעָ֣ם בֶּן־בְּע֗וֹר מִפְּת֛וֹר אֲרַ֥ם נַהֲרַ֖יִם לְקַֽלְלֶֽךָּ׃

Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009

Because of the matter that they did not greet you with bread and water on the way when you came out of Egypt; and because he hired against you Bilam son of Beor from Pesor in Aram Naharayim to curse you.

The Koren Jerusalem Bible

because they met you not with bread and with water in the way, when you came out of Miżrayim; and because they hired against thee Bil῾am, the son of Be῾or, from Petor of Aram-naharayim to curse thee.

The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein

Because of the word [i.e., the counsel which they gave to entice you into sin, and] because they did not go out before you with bread and water [when you were spent] on the way when you came out of Egypt, and because he hired against you Bilam the son of Beor from Pethor, Aram Naharayim, to curse you.

וְלֹֽא־אָבָ֞ה יְהֹוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ לִשְׁמֹ֣עַ אֶל־בִּלְעָ֔ם וַיַּהֲפֹךְ֩ יְהֹוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֶ֧יךָ לְּךָ֛ אֶת־הַקְּלָלָ֖ה לִבְרָכָ֑ה כִּ֥י אֲהֵֽבְךָ֖ יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃

Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009

Adonoy, your God, was unwilling to heed Bilam, and Adonoy, your God, turned for you the curse into a blessing, because Adonoy, your God, loved you.

The Koren Jerusalem Bible

But the Lord thy God would not hearken to Bil῾am; but the Lord thy God turned the curse into a blessing unto thee, because the Lord thy God loved thee.

The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein

And the L-rd your G-d did not desire to heed Bilam, and the L-rd your G-d turned the curse into a blessing for you, for the L-rd your G-d loved you.

לֹא־תִדְרֹ֥שׁ שְׁלֹמָ֖ם וְטֹבָתָ֑ם כׇּל־יָמֶ֖יךָ לְעוֹלָֽם׃{ס}

Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009

Do not pursue their peace and their benefit all your life forever.

The Koren Jerusalem Bible

Thou shalt not seek their peace nor their prosperity all thy days for ever.

The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein

You shall not seek their peace and their good all of your days, forever [(as opposed to 17 below)].

לֹֽא־תְתַעֵ֣ב אֲדֹמִ֔י כִּ֥י אָחִ֖יךָ ה֑וּא לֹא־תְתַעֵ֣ב מִצְרִ֔י כִּי־גֵ֖ר הָיִ֥יתָ בְאַרְצֽוֹ׃

Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009

Do not despise the Edomite, for he is your brother; do not despise the Egyptian, for you were a stranger in his land.

The Koren Jerusalem Bible

Thou shalt not abhor an Edomite; for he is thy brother: thou shalt not abhor a Miżrian; because thou wast a stranger in his land.

The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein

You shall not [entirely] abominate an Edomi [even though he came out with a sword against you (Numbers 20:18-20)], for he is your brother. You shall not [entirely] abominate an Egyptian, [even though they cast your males into the Nile], for you were a stranger in his land [and they were your hosts in your extremity].

בָּנִ֛ים אֲשֶׁר־יִוָּלְד֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם דּ֣וֹר שְׁלִישִׁ֑י יָבֹ֥א לָהֶ֖ם בִּקְהַ֥ל יְהֹוָֽה׃{ס}

Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009

Children who will be born to them, in the third generation, will enter into Adonoy’s community.

The Koren Jerusalem Bible

The children that are begotten of them shall enter into the congregation of the Lord in their third generation.

The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein

Children which will be born to them, the third generation, shall come for them into the congregation of the L-rd, [and the other nations are permitted immediately — whence it is seen that one who causes a Jew to sin (4) is worse than one who kills him, the latter killing him only in this world, but the former removing him from both worlds.]

כִּֽי־תֵצֵ֥א מַחֲנֶ֖ה עַל־אֹיְבֶ֑יךָ וְנִ֨שְׁמַרְתָּ֔ מִכֹּ֖ל דָּבָ֥ר רָֽע׃

Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009

When you go out to encamp against your enemies take precautions from every evil thing.

The Koren Jerusalem Bible

When thou goest out to encamp against thy enemies, then keep thee from every evil thing.

The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein

When you go out as an encampment against your enemies, then you shall guard yourself against every evil thing, [the Satan "prosecuting" in time of danger.]

כִּֽי־יִהְיֶ֤ה בְךָ֙ אִ֔ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹא־יִהְיֶ֥ה טָה֖וֹר מִקְּרֵה־לָ֑יְלָה וְיָצָא֙ אֶל־מִח֣וּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה לֹ֥א יָבֹ֖א אֶל־תּ֥וֹךְ הַֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃

Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009

If there is a man among you who is not undefiled [because of] a nocturnal incident; he must go out of the camp, he may not enter into the midst of the camp.

The Koren Jerusalem Bible

If there be among you any man, that is not clean by reason of uncleanness that chances by night, then shall he go abroad out of the camp, he shall not come within the camp:

The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein

If there be among you a man who shall not be clean because of a nocturnal accident [(Scripture speaks of the common instance)], then he shall go outside the camp [(a positive commandment)]; he shall not come into the midst of the camp [(a negative commandment. He may not enter the camp of the Levites — a fortiori, the camp of the Shechinah.]

וְהָיָ֥ה לִפְנֽוֹת־עֶ֖רֶב יִרְחַ֣ץ בַּמָּ֑יִם וּכְבֹ֣א הַשֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ יָבֹ֖א אֶל־תּ֥וֹךְ הַֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃

Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009

As sunset nears he is to immerse in water; and after the sun has set he may enter the the midst of the camp.

The Koren Jerusalem Bible

but it shall be, when evening comes on, he shall bathe himself in water: and when the sun is down, he shall come into the camp again.

The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein

And it shall be towards evening that he shall bathe in water [(He should immerse himself close to sunset, for he is not clean until sunset)], and when the sun sets, he may come into the midst of the camp.

וְיָד֙ תִּהְיֶ֣ה לְךָ֔ מִח֖וּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה וְיָצָ֥אתָ שָּׁ֖מָּה חֽוּץ׃

Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009

Have a designated place outside the camp, and you will go out there to excrete.

The Koren Jerusalem Bible

Thou shalt have a place also outside the camp, where thou shalt withdraw thyself:

The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein

And a place shall there be for you outside the camp [outside of the cloud of glory], and you shall go out there, outside.

וְיָתֵ֛ד תִּהְיֶ֥ה לְךָ֖ עַל־אֲזֵנֶ֑ךָ וְהָיָה֙ בְּשִׁבְתְּךָ֣ ח֔וּץ וְחָפַרְתָּ֣ה בָ֔הּ וְשַׁבְתָּ֖ וְכִסִּ֥יתָ אֶת־צֵאָתֶֽךָ׃

Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009

And a peg are you to have in addition to your weapons; when you need to sit to excrete dig with it, then use it again to cover your excrement.

The Koren Jerusalem Bible

and thou shalt have a spade among thy weapons, and it shall be, when thou wilt ease thyself outside, thou shalt dig with it, and shalt turn back and cover thy excrement:

The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein

And you shall have a spade, aside from your other implements, and it shall be, when you sit outside, that you shall dig with it, and you shall turn back and cover your excrement.

כִּי֩ יְהֹוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֶ֜יךָ מִתְהַלֵּ֣ךְ**׀** בְּקֶ֣רֶב מַחֲנֶ֗ךָ לְהַצִּֽילְךָ֙ וְלָתֵ֤ת אֹיְבֶ֙יךָ֙ לְפָנֶ֔יךָ וְהָיָ֥ה מַחֲנֶ֖יךָ קָד֑וֹשׁ וְלֹֽא־יִרְאֶ֤ה בְךָ֙ עֶרְוַ֣ת דָּבָ֔ר וְשָׁ֖ב מֵאַחֲרֶֽיךָ׃{ס}

Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009

For Adonoy, your God, is moving within your camp to save you and to defeat your enemies before you, so your camp must be holy; let Him not see within you disgraceful objects lest He turn away from you.

The Koren Jerusalem Bible

for the Lord thy God walks in the midst of thy camp, to deliver thee, and to give up thy enemies before thee; therefore shall thy camp be holy: that he see no unclean thing in thee, and turn away from thee.

The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein

For the L-rd your G-d walks in the midst of your camp to save you and to deliver your foes before you. And let your camp be holy, that He not see in you a thing of nakedness and turn away from you.

לֹא־תַסְגִּ֥יר עֶ֖בֶד אֶל־אֲדֹנָ֑יו אֲשֶׁר־יִנָּצֵ֥ל אֵלֶ֖יךָ מֵעִ֥ם אֲדֹנָֽיו׃

Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009

Do not deliver a slave to his master, who escaped to you from his master.

The Koren Jerusalem Bible

Thou shalt not deliver to his master the servant who is escaped from his master to thee:

The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein

You shall not hand over a slave [of the nations] to his master, who escaped to you from his master.

עִמְּךָ֞ יֵשֵׁ֣ב בְּקִרְבְּךָ֗ בַּמָּק֧וֹם אֲשֶׁר־יִבְחַ֛ר בְּאַחַ֥ד שְׁעָרֶ֖יךָ בַּטּ֣וֹב ל֑וֹ לֹ֖א תּוֹנֶֽנּוּ׃{ס}

Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009

With you will he live among you, in the place that he chooses in any of your cities, wherever it is good for him; do not distress him.

The Koren Jerusalem Bible

he shall dwell with thee, among you, in that place which he shall choose in one of thy gates, where it likes him best: thou shalt not oppress him.

The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein

With you shall he dwell, in your midst, in the place that he chooses, in one of your gates where it is good for him; you shall not oppress him.

לֹא־תִהְיֶ֥ה קְדֵשָׁ֖ה מִבְּנ֣וֹת יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְלֹֽא־יִהְיֶ֥ה קָדֵ֖שׁ מִבְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009

There is not to be a harlot from the daughters of Yisroel; and there shall not be a male prostitute from the sons of Yisroel.

The Koren Jerusalem Bible

There shall be no female prostitute of the daughters of Yisra᾽el, nor a male prostitute of the sons of Yisra᾽el.

The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein

There shall be no harlot from the daughters of Israel, and there shall be no harlot [for sodomy] from the sons of Israel.

לֹא־תָבִיא֩ אֶתְנַ֨ן זוֹנָ֜ה וּמְחִ֣יר כֶּ֗לֶב בֵּ֛ית יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ לְכׇל־נֶ֑דֶר כִּ֧י תוֹעֲבַ֛ת יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ גַּם־שְׁנֵיהֶֽם׃{ס}

Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009

Do not bring a harlot’s fee or payment for a dog to the house of Adonoy, your God, in fulfillment of any vow; because Adonoy, your God’s abominations are even both of them.

The Koren Jerusalem Bible

Thou shalt not bring the hire of a prostitute, or the price of a dog, into the house of the Lord thy God for any vow: for both these are abomination to the Lord thy God.

The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein

You shall not bring the hire of a prostitute [(If one gave her a lamb as her hire, it is unfit for sacrifice)] and the exchange of a dog [i.e., a lamb exchanged for a dog] into the house of the L-rd your G-d for every vow; for the abomination of the L-rd your G-d are also both (shneihem). [Shinuyeihem ("their changes," e.g., wheat converted into flour) are also included as forbidden.]

לֹא־תַשִּׁ֣יךְ לְאָחִ֔יךָ נֶ֥שֶׁךְ כֶּ֖סֶף נֶ֣שֶׁךְ אֹ֑כֶל נֶ֕שֶׁךְ כׇּל־דָּבָ֖ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִשָּֽׁךְ׃

Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009

You may not pay usury to your brother, usury on money, usury on food; usury on any matter where it is paid.

The Koren Jerusalem Bible

Thou shalt not give interest to thy brother; interest of money, interest of foodstuff, interest of anything that is lent upon interest;

The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein

You shall not give interest to your brother [(an exhortation to the borrower not to give interest to the lender (and see Leviticus 25:37)]: interest of money, interest of food, interest of any thing that can be (construed as) interest.

לַנׇּכְרִ֣י תַשִּׁ֔יךְ וּלְאָחִ֖יךָ לֹ֣א תַשִּׁ֑יךְ לְמַ֨עַן יְבָרֶכְךָ֜ יְהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֗יךָ בְּכֹל֙ מִשְׁלַ֣ח יָדֶ֔ךָ עַל־הָאָ֕רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־אַתָּ֥ה בָא־שָׁ֖מָּה לְרִשְׁתָּֽהּ׃{ס}

Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009

You may pay usury to the stranger, but to your brother do not pay usury; in order that Adonoy, your God, will bless you in all your commerce on the land that you are coming there to inherit.

The Koren Jerusalem Bible

to a stranger thou mayst give interest; but to thy brother thou shalt not give interest: that the Lord thy God may bless thee in all that thou settest thy hand to in the land into which thou goest to possess it.

The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein

To the stranger shall you give interest [and not to your brother (a negative commandment inferred from a positive commandment, hence, a positive commandment — making him liable, in sum, for transgression of two negative commandments, (what follows and 20 above) and a positive commandment)]; but to your brother shall you not give interest, so that the L-rd your G-d will bless you in all to which you put your hand on the land whither you are coming to inherit it.

כִּֽי־תִדֹּ֥ר נֶ֙דֶר֙ לַיהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ לֹ֥א תְאַחֵ֖ר לְשַׁלְּמ֑וֹ כִּֽי־דָרֹ֨שׁ יִדְרְשֶׁ֜נּוּ יְהֹוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ מֵֽעִמָּ֔ךְ וְהָיָ֥ה בְךָ֖ חֵֽטְא׃

Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009

If you make a vow to Adonoy, your God, do not delay in discharging it; for Adonoy, your God, will surely demand it from you, and you will be at fault.

The Koren Jerusalem Bible

When thou shalt vow a vow to the Lord thy God, thou shalt not be slack to pay it: for the Lord thy God will surely require it of thee; and it would be sin in thee.

The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein

If you make a vow to the L-rd your G-d, you shall not delay [beyond the space of three festivals] to pay it; for the L-rd your G-d will require it of you and it will be a sin in you.

וְכִ֥י תֶחְדַּ֖ל לִנְדֹּ֑ר לֹֽא־יִהְיֶ֥ה בְךָ֖ חֵֽטְא׃

Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009

But if you desist from vowing, no fault will be found with you.

The Koren Jerusalem Bible

But if thou shalt forbear to vow, it shall be no sin in thee.

The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein

But if you forbear to vow, it will not be a sin in you.

מוֹצָ֥א שְׂפָתֶ֖יךָ תִּשְׁמֹ֣ר וְעָשִׂ֑יתָ כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר נָדַ֜רְתָּ לַיהֹוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ נְדָבָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּ֖רְתָּ בְּפִֽיךָ׃{ס}

Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009

Keep what you have articulated; and perform whatever you vow; to Adonoy, your God, voluntarily—whatever you say with your mouth.

The Koren Jerusalem Bible

That which is gone out of thy lips thou shalt keep and perform; according as thou hast vowed of thy freewill to the Lord thy God, which thou hast promised with thy mouth.

The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein

What issues from your lips shall you observe and you shall do, as you vowed to the L-rd your G-d, the pledge that you spoke with your mouth.

כִּ֤י תָבֹא֙ בְּכֶ֣רֶם רֵעֶ֔ךָ וְאָכַלְתָּ֧ עֲנָבִ֛ים כְּנַפְשְׁךָ֖ שׇׂבְעֶ֑ךָ וְאֶֽל־כֶּלְיְךָ֖ לֹ֥א תִתֵּֽן׃{ס}

Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009

When you enter your fellow’s vineyard, you may eat grapes as you desire, to your satisfaction; but you may not place it in your container.

The Koren Jerusalem Bible

When thou comest into thy neighbour’s vineyard, then thou mayst eat thy fill of grapes at thy desire; but thou shalt not put any in thy vessel.

The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein

If you [a worker] come into the vineyard of your neighbor, you may eat grapes as [much as] you desire, to satiety [but not overmuch], but into your (own) vessel you shall not place (any). [Scripture is speaking of harvest time, when the worker places (grapes) into the owner's vessel.]

כִּ֤י תָבֹא֙ בְּקָמַ֣ת רֵעֶ֔ךָ וְקָטַפְתָּ֥ מְלִילֹ֖ת בְּיָדֶ֑ךָ וְחֶרְמֵשׁ֙ לֹ֣א תָנִ֔יף עַ֖ל קָמַ֥ת רֵעֶֽךָ׃{ס}

Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009

When you enter your fellow’s standing grainstalks, you may cut off stalks by hand, but do not lift a sickle over your fellow’s standing grainstalks.

The Koren Jerusalem Bible

When thou comest into the standing corn of thy neighbour, then thou mayst pluck the ears with thy hand; but thou shalt not move a sickle to thy neighbour’s standing corn.

The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein

If you [a worker] come into the standing corn of your neighbor, then you may pluck ears with your hand; but you shall not lift a sickle upon your neighbor's standing corn.

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