Text

Deuteronomy Chapter 24

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כִּֽי־יִקַּ֥ח אִ֛ישׁ אִשָּׁ֖ה וּבְעָלָ֑הּ וְהָיָ֞ה אִם־לֹ֧א תִמְצָא־חֵ֣ן בְּעֵינָ֗יו כִּי־מָ֤צָא בָהּ֙ עֶרְוַ֣ת דָּבָ֔ר וְכָ֨תַב לָ֜הּ סֵ֤פֶר כְּרִיתֻת֙ וְנָתַ֣ן בְּיָדָ֔הּ וְשִׁלְּחָ֖הּ מִבֵּיתֽוֹ׃

Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009

If a man marries a woman and consummates with her; should she not find favor in his eyes because he found in her something lecherous, he is to write for her a document of severance and place [it] in her hand and send her from his home.

The Koren Jerusalem Bible

When a man has taken a wife, and married her, and it come to pass that she find no favour in his eyes, because he has found some unseemliness in her: then let him write her a bill of divorce, and give it in her hand, and send her out of his house.

The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein

If a man take a woman, and he cohabit with her, then it shall be, if she does not find favor in his eyes, his having found in her a thing of nakedness, he shall write her a scroll of divorce [(it is a mitzvah for him to do so)], and he shall place it into her hand, and he shall send her from his house.

וְיָצְאָ֖ה מִבֵּית֑וֹ וְהָלְכָ֖ה וְהָיְתָ֥ה לְאִישׁ־אַחֵֽר׃

Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009

If she leaves his home and goes and becomes [wife] to another man.

The Koren Jerusalem Bible

And when she is departed out of his house, she may go and be another man’s wife.

The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein

And she shall go out of his house, and she shall go and be (a wife) to another man [i.e., he is different from the first, who cast a wicked woman from his house].

וּשְׂנֵאָהּ֮ הָאִ֣ישׁ הָאַחֲרוֹן֒ וְכָ֨תַב לָ֜הּ סֵ֤פֶר כְּרִיתֻת֙ וְנָתַ֣ן בְּיָדָ֔הּ וְשִׁלְּחָ֖הּ מִבֵּית֑וֹ א֣וֹ כִ֤י יָמוּת֙ הָאִ֣ישׁ הָאַחֲר֔וֹן אֲשֶׁר־לְקָחָ֥הּ ל֖וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃

Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009

If her last husband hates her and writes for her a document of severance and places [it] in her hand and sends her from his house, or if the latter man dies, who had taken her as his wife;

The Koren Jerusalem Bible

And if the latter husband hate her, and write her a bill of divorce, and give it in her hand, and send her out of his house; or if the latter husband, who took her to be his wife, should die,

The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein

And the second man shall hate her [(This is a prognostication)], and he shall write her a scroll of divorce and place it into her hand, and he shall send her from his house. And if [(as will happen if he does not divorce her)] the second man die, who had taken her for himself as a wife,

לֹא־יוּכַ֣ל בַּעְלָ֣הּ הָרִאשׁ֣וֹן אֲשֶֽׁר־שִׁ֠לְּחָ֠הּ לָשׁ֨וּב לְקַחְתָּ֜הּ לִהְי֧וֹת ל֣וֹ לְאִשָּׁ֗ה אַחֲרֵי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֻטַּמָּ֔אָה כִּֽי־תוֹעֵבָ֥ה הִ֖וא לִפְנֵ֣י יְהֹוָ֑ה וְלֹ֤א תַחֲטִיא֙ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר֙ יְהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ נֹתֵ֥ן לְךָ֖ נַחֲלָֽה׃{ס}

Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009

Her first husband who divorced her may not remarry her to be his wife after her having been defiled, for it is an abomination before Adonoy; and you are not to make liable the land that Adonoy, your God, is giving you as territory.

The Koren Jerusalem Bible

then her former husband, who sent her away, may not take her again to be his wife, after she is defiled; for that is abomination before the Lord: and thou shalt not cause the land to be sinful, which the Lord thy God gives thee for an inheritance.

The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein

Her first husband who had sent her away shall not be able to return to take her to be to him as a wife after she has been defiled [(This includes a sotah who had secreted herself)], for she is an abomination before the L-rd. And you shall not make sinful the land which the L-rd your G-d gives you as an inheritance.

כִּֽי־יִקַּ֥ח אִישׁ֙ אִשָּׁ֣ה חֲדָשָׁ֔ה לֹ֤א יֵצֵא֙ בַּצָּבָ֔א וְלֹא־יַעֲבֹ֥ר עָלָ֖יו לְכׇל־דָּבָ֑ר נָקִ֞י יִהְיֶ֤ה לְבֵיתוֹ֙ שָׁנָ֣ה אֶחָ֔ת וְשִׂמַּ֖ח אֶת־אִשְׁתּ֥וֹ אֲשֶׁר־לָקָֽח׃

Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009

When a man marries a new wife, he is not to be mobilized into the army, it shall not impose itself over him in any matter; he shall be free for his home one year and he shall bring joy to the wife he married.

The Koren Jerusalem Bible

When a man has taken a new wife, he shall not go out to war, neither shall he be charged with any business: but he shall be free at home one year, and shall cheer his wife whom he has taken.

The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein

If a man take a new wife [one who is new to him, even a widow; but not a returned divorcée], he shall not go out in the army, and it (the army) shall not impose on him for any thing [needed by the army, such as supplying food and water and repairing roads (as opposed to those who are released by mandate of the Cohein, 20:5-7)]. Free shall he be [also] for his house [i.e., If he built a house and dedicated it or planted a vineyard and redeemed it, he does not stir thence because of army exigencies] for one year. And he shall rejoice his wife whom he has taken.

לֹא־יַחֲבֹ֥ל רֵחַ֖יִם וָרָ֑כֶב כִּי־נֶ֖פֶשׁ ה֥וּא חֹבֵֽל׃{ס}

Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009

He may not secure as collateral a mortar or pestle, for his is taking life as security.

The Koren Jerusalem Bible

No man shall take the nether or the upper millstone for a pledge: for he takes a man’s life for a pledge.

The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein

One shall not take as a pledge [for a debt, in beth-din, something essential to the debtor's livelihood], a nether millstone nor an upper millstone; for it is a soul that he takes in pledge.

כִּי־יִמָּצֵ֣א אִ֗ישׁ גֹּנֵ֨ב נֶ֤פֶשׁ מֵאֶחָיו֙ מִבְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְהִתְעַמֶּר־בּ֖וֹ וּמְכָר֑וֹ וּמֵת֙ הַגַּנָּ֣ב הַה֔וּא וּבִֽעַרְתָּ֥ הָרָ֖ע מִקִּרְבֶּֽךָ׃{ס}

Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009

If a man is apprehended having kidnaped a person from his brothers, from the descendants of Yisroel, and he exploited him and sold him; that kidnaper is to be put to death and you will eliminate the evil within you.

The Koren Jerusalem Bible

If a man be found stealing any of his brethren of the children of Yisra᾽el and deals with him as a slave, or sells him; then that thief shall die; and thou shalt put evil away from among you.

The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein

If there be found a man [(where there are witnesses and warning)] who steals a soul of his brothers of the children of Israel, and he exploits him [(He is not liable until he makes use of him)], and he sells him, then that thief shall die, and you shall remove the evil from your midst.

הִשָּׁ֧מֶר בְּנֶֽגַע־הַצָּרַ֛עַת לִשְׁמֹ֥ר מְאֹ֖ד וְלַעֲשׂ֑וֹת כְּכֹל֩ אֲשֶׁר־יוֹר֨וּ אֶתְכֶ֜ם הַכֹּהֲנִ֧ים הַלְוִיִּ֛ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוִּיתִ֖ם תִּשְׁמְר֥וּ לַעֲשֽׂוֹת׃

Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009

Take precautions with the leprosy affliction to be extremely careful and to do—in accordance with everything that the kohanim the Levites shall instruct you; as I commanded them are you to make sure to do.

The Koren Jerusalem Bible

Take heed in the plague of żara῾at, that thou observe diligently, and do according to all that the priests the Levites shall teach you: as I commanded them, so you shall observe to do.

The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein

Be heedful of the plague-spot of leprosy to take great care [not to pluck out the signs of uncleanliness and not to cut the bahereth (see Leviticus 13:2)], and to do according to all that the Cohanim, the Levites, teach you, [whether to quarantine, to confirm, or to declare clean]. As I have commanded them, so shall you observe to do.

זָכ֕וֹר אֵ֧ת אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֛ה יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ לְמִרְיָ֑ם בַּדֶּ֖רֶךְ בְּצֵאתְכֶ֥ם מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃{ס}

Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009

Remember what Adonoy, your God, did to Miriam on the way when you were going out of Egypt.

The Koren Jerusalem Bible

Remember what the Lord thy God did to Miryam by the way, after you were come out of Miżrayim.

The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein

Remember what the L-rd your G-d did to Miriam on the way when you went out of Egypt, [i.e., His striking her with leprosy for slandering Moses (— If you would avoid leprosy, avoid slander)].

כִּֽי־תַשֶּׁ֥ה בְרֵֽעֲךָ֖ מַשַּׁ֣את מְא֑וּמָה לֹא־תָבֹ֥א אֶל־בֵּית֖וֹ לַעֲבֹ֥ט עֲבֹטֽוֹ׃

Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009

If you become your fellow’s creditor for any amount of debt, do not enter his house to take his pledge.

The Koren Jerusalem Bible

When thou dost lend thy brother anything, thou shalt not go into his house to fetch his pledge.

The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein

When you claim from your neighbor any kind of debt, do not enter his house to claim his pledge.

בַּח֖וּץ תַּעֲמֹ֑ד וְהָאִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר אַתָּה֙ נֹשֶׁ֣ה ב֔וֹ יוֹצִ֥יא אֵלֶ֛יךָ אֶֽת־הַעֲב֖וֹט הַחֽוּצָה׃

Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009

Stand outside, and the man from whom you are claiming, will bring out the pledge to you outside.

The Koren Jerusalem Bible

Thou shalt stand outside, and the man to whom thou dost lend shall bring out the pledge to thee.

The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein

Outside shall you stand, and the man who is indebted to you shall take out the pledge to you outside.

וְאִם־אִ֥ישׁ עָנִ֖י ה֑וּא לֹ֥א תִשְׁכַּ֖ב בַּעֲבֹטֽוֹ׃

Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009

And if he is a poor man, do not repose with his collateral [in your possession].

The Koren Jerusalem Bible

And if the man be poor, thou shalt not sleep with his pledge:

The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein

And if he is a poor man, you shall not lie down with his pledge [in your possession].

הָשֵׁב֩ תָּשִׁ֨יב ל֤וֹ אֶֽת־הַעֲבוֹט֙ כְּב֣וֹא הַשֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ וְשָׁכַ֥ב בְּשַׂלְמָת֖וֹ וּבֵֽרְכֶ֑ךָּ וּלְךָ֙ תִּהְיֶ֣ה צְדָקָ֔ה לִפְנֵ֖י יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃{ס}

Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009

Return are you to return the pledge to him at sunset, and he will sleep with his garment and bless you; and it will be to your credit before Adonoy, your God.

The Koren Jerusalem Bible

thou shalt surely deliver him the pledge again when the sun goes down, that he may sleep in his own garment, and bless thee: and it shall be as righteousness to thee before the Lord thy God.

The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein

Return shall you return to him the pledge when the sun goes down [if it is a night garment (and see Exodus 22:25)], so that he may sleep in his garment, and he shall bless you; and [even if he does not bless you], it shall be (accounted) righteousness for you before the L-rd your G-d.

לֹא־תַעֲשֹׁ֥ק שָׂכִ֖יר עָנִ֣י וְאֶבְי֑וֹן מֵאַחֶ֕יךָ א֧וֹ מִגֵּרְךָ֛ אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּאַרְצְךָ֖ בִּשְׁעָרֶֽיךָ׃

Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009

Do not steal from the wage earner who is poor or destitute; from your brothers or your converts who are in your land in your cities.

The Koren Jerusalem Bible

Thou shalt not oppress a hired servant that is poor and needy, whether he be of thy brethren, or of thy strangers that are in thy land within thy gates.

The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein

You shall not oppress a hired laborer who is poor and needy, of your brothers [(One who does so transgresses two negative commandments, this and Leviticus 19:13)], or of your stranger [a righteous convert] that is in your land [(Withholding the hire of animals and utensils is hereby included)], in your gates [(a resident stranger, one who eats carrion)].

בְּיוֹמוֹ֩ תִתֵּ֨ן שְׂכָר֜וֹ וְֽלֹא־תָב֧וֹא עָלָ֣יו הַשֶּׁ֗מֶשׁ כִּ֤י עָנִי֙ ה֔וּא וְאֵלָ֕יו ה֥וּא נֹשֵׂ֖א אֶת־נַפְשׁ֑וֹ וְלֹֽא־יִקְרָ֤א עָלֶ֙יךָ֙ אֶל־יְהֹוָ֔ה וְהָיָ֥ה בְךָ֖ חֵֽטְא׃{ס}

Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009

On its day give his wage and let the sun not set upon it, for he is a poor man, and he places his life in jeopardy for it; [so that] he should not complain about you to Adonoy, and you will have a sin.

The Koren Jerusalem Bible

At his day thou shalt give him his hire, neither shall the sun go down upon it; for he is poor, and sets his heart upon it: lest he cry against thee to the Lord, and it be sin in thee.

The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein

In his day shall you give his wage, and the sun shall not go down upon it; for he is poor and to it [his wage] he bears his soul [risking death in his work] — that he not call against you to the L-rd; and there will be in you a sin, [in any event, even if he does not call, (but calling hastens punishment)].

לֹֽא־יוּמְת֤וּ אָבוֹת֙ עַל־בָּנִ֔ים וּבָנִ֖ים לֹא־יוּמְת֣וּ עַל־אָב֑וֹת אִ֥ישׁ בְּחֶטְא֖וֹ יוּמָֽתוּ׃{ס}

Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009

Fathers shall not be executed through sons, and sons shall not be executed through fathers; each to be executed for his sin.

The Koren Jerusalem Bible

Fathers shall not be put to death for children, neither shall children be put to death for fathers: every man shall be put to death for his own sin.

The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein

Fathers shall not be put to death by [the testimony of] sons; and sons shall not be put to death by [the testimony of] fathers. Every man for his own sin shall be put to death [(But a child, one who is not yet "a man," (sometimes) dies by the hands of Heaven for his father's sin.)]

לֹ֣א תַטֶּ֔ה מִשְׁפַּ֖ט גֵּ֣ר יָת֑וֹם וְלֹ֣א תַחֲבֹ֔ל בֶּ֖גֶד אַלְמָנָֽה׃

Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009

Do not be devious in the judgment of the proselyte or orphan; and you may not secure as collateral, a widow’s garment.

The Koren Jerusalem Bible

Thou shalt not pervert the judgment of the stranger, or of the fatherless; nor take a widow’s garment as a pledge:

The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein

You shall not pervert the judgment of a stranger and an orphan [One who does so transgresses two negative commandments, this and 16:19 (the interdict being repeated here in that it is "easier" to pervert the judgment of the poor)], and you shall not take as a pledge [(not at the time of the loan)] the garment of a widow.

וְזָכַרְתָּ֗ כִּ֣י עֶ֤בֶד הָיִ֙יתָ֙ בְּמִצְרַ֔יִם וַֽיִּפְדְּךָ֛ יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ מִשָּׁ֑ם עַל־כֵּ֞ן אָנֹכִ֤י מְצַוְּךָ֙ לַעֲשׂ֔וֹת אֶת־הַדָּבָ֖ר הַזֶּֽה׃{ס}

Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009

Remember that you were a slave in Egypt, and Adonoy, your God, redeemed you from there; that is why I am commanding you to do this thing.

The Koren Jerusalem Bible

but thou shalt remember that thou wast a bondman in Miżrayim, and the Lord thy God redeemed thee from there: therefore I command thee to do this thing.

The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein

And you shall remember that you were a slave in Egypt, and the L-rd your G-d redeemed you from there [to observe His statutes (even if doing so involves monetary loss)]; therefore, I command you to do this thing.

כִּ֣י תִקְצֹר֩ קְצִֽירְךָ֨ בְשָׂדֶ֜ךָ וְשָֽׁכַחְתָּ֧ עֹ֣מֶר בַּשָּׂדֶ֗ה לֹ֤א תָשׁוּב֙ לְקַחְתּ֔וֹ לַגֵּ֛ר לַיָּת֥וֹם וְלָאַלְמָנָ֖ה יִהְיֶ֑ה לְמַ֤עַן יְבָרֶכְךָ֙ יְהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ בְּכֹ֖ל מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה יָדֶֽיךָ׃{ס}

Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009

When you reap your reaping in your field, and you forget a sheaf in the field, you may not return to take it; for the proselyte, for the orphan, and for the widow let it be; in order that Adonoy, your God, will bless you in all your endeavors.

The Koren Jerusalem Bible

When thou reapest thy harvest in thy field, and hast forgotten a sheaf in the field, thou shalt not go back to fetch it: it shall be for the stranger, for the fatherless, and for the widow: that the Lord thy God may bless thee in all the work of thy hands.

The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein

When you reap your harvest in your field, if you forget a sheaf, [but not a stack (a relatively large amount — whence it is derived that a sheaf containing two sa'ah is not considered shikchah ("forgetting")], in the field [including standing grain, part of which he forgot to cut], do not return to take it [(What is behind him is considered shikchah; what is before him, not.)] To the stranger, to the orphan, and to the widow shall it be, so that the L-rd your G-d will bless you in all the work of your hands, [though the shikchah comes to them without specific intent. How much more so will He bless you where there is specific intent!]

כִּ֤י תַחְבֹּט֙ זֵֽיתְךָ֔ לֹ֥א תְפַאֵ֖ר אַחֲרֶ֑יךָ לַגֵּ֛ר לַיָּת֥וֹם וְלָאַלְמָנָ֖ה יִהְיֶֽה׃

Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009

When you harvest your olive tree, you may not strip it of its glory behind you. for the proselyte, for the orphan, and for the widow let it be.

The Koren Jerusalem Bible

When thou beatest thy olive tree, thou shalt not go over the boughs again: it shall be for the stranger, for the fatherless, and for the widow.

The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein

When you beat your olive tree, you shall not cut off [its fruit (whence it is derived that peah is left from a tree)] after you. [This alludes to shikchah.] To the stranger, to the orphan, and to the widow shall it be.

כִּ֤י תִבְצֹר֙ כַּרְמְךָ֔ לֹ֥א תְעוֹלֵ֖ל אַחֲרֶ֑יךָ לַגֵּ֛ר לַיָּת֥וֹם וְלָאַלְמָנָ֖ה יִהְיֶֽה׃

Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009

When you harvest your vineyard you may not harvest pygmy vines behind you; for the proselyte, for the orphan, and for the widow let it be.

The Koren Jerusalem Bible

When thou gatherest the grapes of thy vineyard, thou shalt not glean it afterwards; it shall be for the stranger, for the fatherless, and for the widow.

The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein

When you cut your vineyard, do not glean it after you [i.e., Do not take the tender grapes, those which have neither "arm" nor "dripping."] To the stranger, to the orphan, and to the widow shall it be.

וְזָ֣כַרְתָּ֔ כִּי־עֶ֥בֶד הָיִ֖יתָ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם עַל־כֵּ֞ן אָנֹכִ֤י מְצַוְּךָ֙ לַעֲשׂ֔וֹת אֶת־הַדָּבָ֖ר הַזֶּֽה׃{ס}

Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009

Remember that you were a slave in the land of Egypt; that is why I am commanding you to do this thing.

The Koren Jerusalem Bible

And thou shalt remember that thou wast a slave in the land of Miżrayim: therefore I command thee to do this thing.

The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein

And you shall remember that you were a slave in the land of Egypt. Therefore, I command you to do this thing.

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