The condition or the adjective that is found with the subject itself – the superfluous parts of the expression will come first. והאיש אשר הוא טהור וחדל לעשות הפסח (But the man that is clean, and is not on a journey, and forbear to keep the passover, that soul shall be cut off from his people; because he brought not the offering of the LORD in its appointed season, that man shall bear his sin)⁴³⁵; האיש אשר יטמא ולא יתחטא (But the man that shall be unclean, and shall not purify himself, that soul shall be cut off from the midst of the assembly, because he has defiled the sanctuary of the LORD; the water of sprinkling has not been dashed against him: he is unclean)⁴³⁶.

footnotes: ⁴³⁵ Numbers 9:13. ⁴³⁶ Numbers 19:20.

And when it is said ונפש כי תחטא ושמעה קול אלה והוא עד (And if any one sin, in that he hear the voice of adjuration, he being a witness, whether he has seen or known, if he do not utter it, then he shall bear his iniquity)⁴³⁷, it is an exception to the rule, as it should have written והוא עד ושמע קול אלה, and there is a homiletical interpretation.

When Leviticus 5:1 says, ונפש כי תחטא ושמעה קול אלה והוא עד או ראה או ידע אם לוא יגיד ונשא עונו (And if any one sin, in that he hears the voice of adjuration, he being a witness, whether he has seen or known, if he do not utter it, then he shall bear his iniquity), the clause והוא עד (he being a witness) does not come first in the expression in order to teach that it is necessary that he be singled out by the claimant to testify as a witness⁴³⁸.

footnotes: ⁴³⁷ Leviticus 5:1. ⁴³⁸ Malbim, HaTorah v’HaMitzvah Vayikra 297.