Rashi on Ezekiel Chapter 33
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לְצֹפֶה. בָּאדִי״טָא בְּלַעַ״ז:
as a lookout [Heb. לְצֹפֶה,] badete in O.F., sentry, watchman.
וְרָאָה אֶת הַחֶרֶב. הֵמָּה הַגְּיָסוֹת:
And he sees the army [lit. the sword.] They are the armies.
דָּמוֹ בְרֹאשׁוֹ יִהְיֶה. עֲוֹן מִיתָתוֹ יִדָּרֵשׁ מִיַּד עַצְמוֹ, שֶׁפָּשַׁע בְּנַפְשׁוֹ:
his blood will be on his own head The iniquity of causing his death will be required of himself, because he was neglected his life.
וְהוּא נִזְהָר נַפְשׁוֹ מִלֵּט. אִם נִזְהָר, הָיָה נִמְלָט:
for had he taken heed, he would have saved his life Had he taken heed, he would have escaped.
צוֹפֶה נְתַתִּיךָ. כְּאוֹתוֹ הַצּוֹפֶה הַנִּיתָּן לְהַזְהִיר שֶׁלֹּא תֹּאבַד נֶפֶשׁ, כֵּן נְתַתִּיךָ לְהַזְהִיר אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל:
I have made you a lookout Like that lookout, who is appointed to give warning so that no soul be lost, so have I appointed you to warn Israel.
כֵּן אֲמַרְתֶּם. לְפִיכָךְ אֵין אַתֶּם חֲפֵצִים לָשׁוּב, כִּסְבוּרִין אַתֶּם שֶׁלֹּא תוֹעִיל לָכֶם תְּשׁוּבָה:
So have you spoken Therefore, you do not wish to repent, because you believe that repentance will not avail you.
לִחְיוֹת בָּהּ. בְּצִדְקָתוֹ:
live with it with his righteousness.
לֹא תִזָּכַרְנָה. לְהַצִּילוֹ מִלֵּיעָנֵשׁ עַל עֲבֵירָה זוֹ:
none... will be remembered to save him from being punished for his sin.
חֲבוֹל. עֲבוֹט, שֶׁצִּוִּיתִי לַהֲשִׁיבוֹ כְּבֹא הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ (דברים כד:יג):
the pledge the pledge that I commanded [one] to return at sunset.
וּמֵת בָּהֶם. בִּשְׁבִילָם יֵעָנֵשׁ:
he will die because of them He will be punished for them.
וַיִּפְתַּח אֶת פִּי. כְּמוֹ שֶׁאָמַר בְּרֹאשׁ הַסֵּפֶר: ״וְנֶאֱלַמְתָּ וְלֹא תִהְיֶה לָהֶם לְאִישׁ מוֹכִיחַ״ (יחזקאל ג:כו), וְאַחַר כָּךְ אָמַר לוֹ: ״בְּיוֹם קַחְתִּי מֵהֶם אֶת מְעוּזָם״, ״יָבוֹא הַפָּלִיט אֵלֶיךָ״, ״בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא יִפָּתַח פִּיךָ אֶת הַפָּלִיט... וְלֹא תֵאָלֵם עוֹד״ (יחזקאל כד:כה-כז):
and He opened my mouth as He says in the beginning of the Book (3:26): “and you shall become mute, and you shall not be a reprover to them.” Afterward, He said to him (24:25ff.): “on the day I take from them their strength, etc., the fugitive will come to you, etc., on that day, your mouth will be opened with the fugitive, and you will speak and no longer be mute.”
עַד בּוֹא אֵלַי בַּבֹּקֶר. כְּלוֹמַר: בְּעוֹד בּוֹאוֹ אֵלַי בַּבֹּקֶר, כְּמוֹ: לִפְנֵי בּוֹאוֹ אֵלַי בַּבֹּקֶר:
before [his] coming to me in the morning [Heb. עַד בּוֹא אֵלִי בַּבֹּקֶר,] i.e., when he had not yet (בְּעוֹד) come to me in the morning, like: before he came to me in the morning.
אֶחָד הָיָה אַבְרָהָם. זֶה אֶחָד מֵאַרְבָּעָה דְּבָרִים שֶׁהָיָה רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא דּוֹרֵשׁ וְאֵין רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן יוֹחַאי תַּלְמִידוֹ דּוֹרֵשׁ כְּמוֹתוֹ. וְכָךְ הָיָה רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן דּוֹרְשׁוֹ (תוספתא סוטה ו:ז): אַבְרָהָם שֶׁלֹּא נִצְטַוָּה אֶלָּא עַל מִצְוָה אַחַת יָרַשׁ אֶת הָאָרֶץ, אָנוּ שֶׁנִּצְטַוִּינוּ עַל מִצְוֹת הַרְבֵּה כָּל שֶׁכֵּן שֶׁלָּנוּ נִתְּנָה הָאָרֶץ לְמוֹרָשָׁה; הוּא שֶׁהַנָּבִיא מֵשִׁיבָם:
Abraham was one This is one of four things that Rabbi Akiva interpreted [in one way] and which his disciple, Rabbi Shimon ben Yochai, did not interpret as he did. Rabbi Shimon interpreted it in this manner: Abraham, who was commanded with only one commandment [namely circumcision], inherited the land. We, then, who have been commanded with many commandments, should surely have the land given to us for an inheritance (Tosefta Sotah 6:7). This is what the prophet answers them.
עַל הַדָּם תֹּאכֵלוּ וְגוֹ׳ וְהָאָרֶץ תִּירָשׁוּ. בִּתְמִיהָּ? אִם נִצְטַוִּיתֶם, אֵין אַתֶּם שׁוֹמְרִים! עַל הַדָּם תֹּאכֵלוּ. אֶת מַאֲכָלֵי תַּפְנוּקִים אַתֶּם אוֹכְלִים עַל יְדֵי רְצִיחָה, שֶׁהוֹרְגִין אֶת בַּעֲלֵי מָמוֹן וְנוֹטְלִין אֶת מָמוֹנָם:
You eat on the blood, etc., and you should inherit the land This is a rhetorical question. If you were commanded [many commandments], you do not keep [them]. You eat on the blood: you eat delicacies through murder, for you slay those who have money and take away their money.
עֲמַדְתֶּם עַל חַרְבְּכֶם. כְּלוֹמַר: כָּל בִּטְחוֹנְכֶם נִתְחַזַּקְתֶּם עַל חַרְבְּכֶם:
You stood on your sword i.e., all your trust. You strengthened yourself on your sword.
עֲשִׂיתֶן תּוֹעֵבָה. מִשְׁכַּב זָכוּר (סוטה ו,ט):
you committed abominations homosexual acts.
אֲשֶׁר בֶּחֳרָבוֹת. בֶּעָרִים הַבְּצוּרוֹת, שֶׁסּוֹפָן לִהְיוֹת חֲרֵיבִים:
those who are in the ruins in the fortified cities that will ultimately become ruins.
וַאֲשֶׁר בַּמְּצָדוֹת. בַּמַּחֲבָא, לְהִטָּמֵן מִן הַחֶרֶב, אֶשְׁלַח בָּם אֶת הַדֶּבֶר:
and those who are in the strongholds in a hideout, to hide from the sword - I shall send the pestilence upon them.
הַנִּדְבָּרִים בְּךָ. מִתְלוֹצְצִים בְּךָ:
who talk about you who mock you.
וְיֵשְׁבוּ לְפָנֶיךָ. כְּאִלּוּ הֵם עַמִּי:
and they will sit before you as My people as if they were My people.
עֲגָבִים. שְׂחוֹק, כְּמוֹ ״עוּגָב״ (איוב כא:יב):
jokes [Heb. עֲגָבִים,] laughter, related to עוּגָב, a flute.
בִּצְעָם. גְּזֵלָתָם:
their gain their stolen goods.
וְהִנְּךָ לָהֶם כְּשִׁיר עֲגָבִים. ״וְהָא אַתְּ לְהוֹן כְּזָמַר אֲבוּבִין״ (תרגום יונתן):
And you are to them as a song on the flute And you are to them as a song on the flute.
וּבְבֹאָהּ. הָרָעָה אֲלֵיהֶם:
And when it comes the evil to them.
הִנֵּה בָאָה. כִּי אֱמֶת מוּכֶנֶת הִיא לָבֹא, אָז יֵדְעוּ כִּי לֹא שְׂחוֹק הָיוּ דְּבָרֶיךָ, כִּי נָבִיא אֱמֶת הָיָה בְתוֹכָם:
behold it is coming for, indeed, it is ready to come; then they will know that your words were not a jest, but that a true prophet was in their midst.