Rashi on I Samuel Chapter 18
Can copy this into an AI, or connect the whole library to your assistant. For deeper learning, you can directly use the original seforim, sites, and apps.
וּבְשָׁלִשִׁים. תִּרְגֵּם יוֹנָתָן: ״וּבְצִלְצְלִין״. מִין כְּלֵי זֶמֶר:
And cymbals. Targum Yonoson renders, 'and with cymbals,' a type of musical instrument.¹
footnotes: ¹ Perhaps a three [=שָׁלשׁ] stringed harp.—Radak.
וְעוֹד לוֹ. וְעוֹד לוֹ מַה הוּא נֶחְסָר שֶׁצָּרִיךְ לְהוֹסִיף לוֹ:
He is lacking. What more is he lacking, that he needs to acquire?
אַךְ הַמְּלוּכָה. אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ עוֹד אֶלָּא לַמַּלְכוּת:
Only the kingship. He needs nothing else but the kingship.
עוֹיֵן. (תרגום:) ״עַיִן רָעָה״:
Viewed suspiciously. With an envious glance.
יִתְנַבֵּא. ״וְאִשְׁתַּטֵּי״ נָבִיא וְשׁוֹטֶה מְדַבְּרִים דִּבְרֵי רְמָזִים שֶׁאֵינָם נִכָּרִים:
And he raved. [Literally 'he prophesied'] but Targum renders, 'and he raved.' A prophet and a madman speak in unintelligible hints.
אַכֶּה בְדָוִד וּבַקִּיר. מַכָּה אַחַת אַכֶּה, שֶׁיִּכָּנֵס הַחֲנִית בְּדָוִד וּבַקִּיר:
I will strike Dovid and the wall. I will strike one blow so, that the spear will pierce Dovid and the wall.²
footnotes: ² Shaul wanted to strike Dovid in a manner that it would appear that it was unintentional.
מַשְׂכִּיל. מַצְלִיחַ:
Succeeded. Succeeded.³
footnotes: ³ Although ‘שֵׂבֶל’ usually indicates wisdom, here it is used to indicate success.
וְשָׁאוּל אָמַר. בְּלִבּוֹ:
Shaul said. To himself.
אַל תְּהִי יָדִי בוֹ. פֶּן אֶעָנֵשׁ:
Let not my hand be upon him. Lest I will be punished.
וּתְהִי בוֹ יַד פְּלִשְׁתִּים. לְכָךְ אָמַר לוֹ וְהִלָּחֵם מִלְחֲמוֹת ה׳:
But let the hand of the Philistines be upon him. Therefore, he said to him, "and fight Adonoy's wars."
בְּעֵת תֵּת. כְּשֶׁהִגִּיעַ זְמַן שֶׁקָּבְעוּ לְתִתָּהּ לוֹ, וּבְעוֹד שֶׁהָיוּ מִתְעַסְּקִים לְתִתָּהּ לוֹ, נִתְגַּלְגֵּל הַדָּבָר וְנִתְּנָה לְעַדְרִיאֵל:
When the time came to give. When the time arrived which they had set to give her to him, and while they were involved with giving her to him, it turned out that she was given to Adrieil.⁴
footnotes: ⁴ Son of Barzili. See II Shmuel 21:8. She married Adrieil without Shaul’s knowledge—Metzudas Dovid.
בִּשְׁתַּיִם תִּתְחַתֵּן בִּי. שְׁתֵּי בָּנוֹת יֵשׁ לִי, בְּאַחַת מֵהֶן תִּתְחַתֵּן בִּי וְכֵן תִּרְגֵּם יוֹנָתָן: ״בַּחֲדָא מִתְּרֵין״. כַּיּוֹצֵא בוֹ (שמואל ב כד:יב): שָׁלֹשׁ אָנֹכִי נוֹטֵל עָלֶיךָ. אַחַת מִשָּׁלֹשׁ, כְּמוֹ שֶׁמְּפֹרָשׁ שָׁם: בְּחַר לְךָ אַחַת מֵהֶם:
Through the second [of my two daughters] you will become my son-in-law. I have two daughters; through one of them, you will become my son-in-law.⁵ And similarly did Targum Yonoson render, 'with one of the two.' Similarly [we find], "I hold three things [meaning, one of three things] over you,"⁶ as Scripture clarifies there, "choose one of them."⁷
footnotes: ⁵ See Maseches Sanhedrin 19b. ⁶ II Shmuel 24:12. ⁷ Ibid.
וְלֹא מָלְאוּ הַיָּמִים. לֹא הִמְתִּין עַד מְלֹאת הַיָּמִים שֶׁקָּבַע לוֹ לְהָבִיא אֶת מֵאָה הָעֲרָלוֹת:
Time had not yet expired. He did not wait until the time expired which he had set for him to bring the one hundred foreskins.
וַיָּקָם דָּוִד וַיֵּלֶךְ הוּא וַאֲנָשָׁיו וְגוֹ׳ וַיְמַלְאוּם. פרישנטי״ר בלע״ז:
Dovid rose and went, he and his men…and gave them all.⁸ Presenter in O.F.
footnotes: ⁸ I.e., all two hundred, though Shaul demanded only one hundred.
לְרֹא. לִירְאָה:
To fear. To fear.
וַיֵּצְאוּ שָׂרֵי פְלִשְׁתִּים. לָבֹא בִּגְדוּדִים לִשְׁלֹל שָׁלָל בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל:
The Philistines officers would venture out. To come in troops to plunder [the Bnei] Yisroel.