Rashi on Isaiah Chapter 25
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עֵצוֹת מֵרָחוֹק אֱמוּנָה אֹמֶן. עֵצוֹת שֶׁיָּעַצְתָּ מֵרָחוֹק לְאַבְרָהָם בִּבְרִית בֵּין הַבְּתָרִים:
counsels from long ago in true faith Counsels that You advised from long ago to Abraham in the Covenant between the Parts.
אֱמוּנָה אֹמֶן. אֱמוּנָה נֶאֱמֶנֶת. אֹמֶן כְּמוֹ ׳אֹהֶל׳, ׳אֹכֶל׳, וְאֵינוֹ לְשׁוֹן פּוֹעֵל אֶלָּא לְשׁוֹן מִפְעָל, אבוירמנ״ט בלע״ז:
true faith (אֱמוּנָה אֹמֶן). אֹמֶן is like אֹהֶל, tent, אֹכֶל, food, and it is not a verb in present tense but an expression of a noun, obrement (truth) in O.F.
כִּי שַׂמְתָּ. הַר שֵׂעִיר מֵעִיר לְגָל:
For You have made Mount Seir from a city into a heap.
אַרְמוֹן זָרִים מֵעִיר. מָעוֹן שֶׁעָשׂוּ בְּעִירְךָ, שֶׁהֶחֱרִיבוּהָ, תִּתֵּן אַרְמְנוֹתֶיהָ חֻרְבָּן, אֲשֶׁר לְעוֹלָם לֹא יִבָּנֶה:
a palace of strangers, because of the city Because of the iniquity they committed in Your city, that they destroyed it, You shall make its palaces a ruin, which shall never be rebuilt.
מַחְסֶה מִזֶּרֶם. כִּסּוּי אֹהֶל לְהַצִּיל מִזֶּרֶם, וְצֵל לְהָגֵן מֵחֹרֶב. וּמַהוּ אוֹתוֹ זֶרֶם? הוּא רוּחַ עָרִיצִים, כִּי רוּחָם דִּמָּה לְזֶרֶם הַשּׁוֹטֵף בְּקִיר וּמַפִּילוֹ:
a shelter from pouring rain a covering of a tent to save from pouring rain and a shade to protect from heat. Now, what is that pouring rain? A spirit of tyrants, for their spirit is like a stream that floods the wall and causes it to fall.
כְּחֹרֶב בְּצָיוֹן. בְּעֵת יֹבֶשׁ, שֶׁמְיַבֵּשׁ הַזְּרָעִים לְהִתְמוֹלֵל, כֵּן תַּכְנִיעַ שְׁאוֹן זָרִים:
Like heat in the dry season In the dry season, when the seeds dry out to be cut off, so shall You humble the multitude of the strangers.
חֹרֶב בְּצֵל עָב. כְּשֶׁהַמַּיִם מִתְקַשְּׁרִים בְּעָנָן עָב בִּימֵי הַשָּׁרָב, שֶׁהַכֹּל שְׂמֵחִים בּוֹ, כֵּן יַעֲנֶה שִׁיר הַצַּדִּיקִים עַל זְמִיר עָרִיצִים וּמַפַּלְתָּן:
like heat with a thick cloud When the heavens thicken with thick clouds in the hot season, with which everyone rejoices, so will the song of the righteous be sung concerning the cutting down of the tyrants and their downfall.
זְמִיר. לשון ״לא תִזְמֹר״ (ויקרא כה:ד):
the downfall of (lit., the cutting down of. זְמִיר). An expression related to (Lev. 25:4): “You shall not prune (תִזְמֹר).”
וְעָשָׂה ה׳ צְבָאוֹת לְכָל הָעַמִּים. כְּשֶׁיָּבֹאוּ לִצְבֹּא עַל יְרוּשָׁלַיִם:
And the Lord of Hosts shall make for all the peoples when they come to mobilize against Jerusalem.
מִשְׁתֵּה שְׁמָנִים. שֶׁהֵם סְבוּרִים שֶׁיְּהֵא נוֹחַ לָהֶם כְּשֶׁמֶן, יֵהָפֵךְ לְמִשְׁתֵּה שְׁמָרִים:
a feast of fat things which they think that it will be easy for them like fat, which is smooth and soft, will be converted for them to a feast of dregs.
שְׁמָנִים מְמֻחָיִם. נוֹחִים וְשְׁמֵנִים כְּמוֹחַ עֲצָמוֹת, יִהְיֶה שְׁמָרִים מְזֻקָּקִים מִכָּל מַשְׁקֶה שֶׁמֶן וְיַיִן, שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא שָׁם אֶלָּא שְׁמָרִים לְבַדָּם; וְכָל זֶה בְּמִלְחֲמוֹת גּוֹג וּמָגוֹג:
fat things full of marrow soft and fat like the marrow of bones, will be dregs well refined from any liquid of wine or oil, for there will be there only the dregs. All this will be in the war of Gog and Magog.
הַלּוֹט. הַכִּסּוּי. הַלּוֹט עַל [כָּל] הָעַמִּים. הַמְכַסֶּה אֶת כָּל הָעַמִּים, הַלּוֹט כְּמוֹ ״וַיָּלֶט פָּנָיו״ (מלכים א יט:יג), ״הִנֵּה הִיא לוּטָה בַשִּׂמְלָה״ (שמואל א כא:י):
the covering The covering that covers all the people. Heb. הלוט, similar to “he wrapped his face” (I Kings 19:13), and to “behold, it is wrapped in a garment” (I Samuel 21:10).
וְהַמַּסֵּכָה. לְשׁוֹן נְסִיכוּת וְשָׂרָרָה:
and the kingdom (Heb. וְהַמַּסֵּכָה.) An expression of kingdom and ruling.
בִּלַּע הַמָּוֶת. יְכַסֶּנּוּ וְיַעֲלִימֶנּוּ עוֹלָמִית מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל (פסחים סח א):
He has concealed death He will cover it and hide it forever from Israel.
וְאָמַר. עַמּוֹ בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא ״הִנֵּה וְגוֹ׳״:
And they shall say (Lit., and he shall say, i.e.,) His people (shall say) on that day, “Behold, etc.”
קִוִּינוּ לוֹ וְיוֹשִׁיעֵנוּ. הָיִינוּ מְקַוִּים לוֹ שֶׁיּוֹשִׁיעֵנוּ:
we hoped for Him that he would save us We were hoping for Him that He would save us.
כִּי תָנוּחַ יַד ה׳. גְּבוּרָתוֹ שֶׁל מָקוֹם:
For the hand of the Lord shall rest The might of the Omnipresent.
וְנָדוֹשׁ. יְהֵא נָדוֹשׁ:
shall be trampled וְנָדוֹשׁ, shall be trampled.
תַּחְתָּיו. בִּמְקוֹמוֹ. וְנָדוֹשׁ כְּמוֹ ״וְנָרוֹץ הַגַּלְגַּל״ (קהלת יב:ו):
in its place (תַּחְתָּיו, lit., under him,) in its place. וְנָדוֹשׁ is of the same structure as (Eccl. 12: 6) “And the wheel is crushed (וְנָרוֹץ),” the “nun” indicating the passive voice.
מַתְבֵּן. תֶּבֶן:
straw (מַתְבֵּן) derived from תֶּבֶן.
מַדְמֵנָה. טִיט, וְכֵן ״לְדֹמֶן עַל פְּנֵי הָאֲדָמָה״ (ירמיה ח:ב):
mire (מַדְמֵנָה) mire. Comp. (Jer. 8:2) “For dung (לְדֹמֶן) on the face of the earth.”
וּפֵרַשׂ יָדָיו. וְשָׁבַר יָדוֹן וּזְרוֹעוֹתָיו בְּסִפּוּק כַּפַּיִם בִּבְכִי:
And he shall spread out his hands (וּפֵרַשׂ) He shall break his hands and his arms by clapping his hands in weeping.
הַשֹּׂחֶה. הַשָּׁט בַּמַּיִם:
the swimmer (הַשׂחֶה) the one who floats upon the water.
לִשְׂחוֹת. לָשׁוּט, וְכֵן ״מֵי שָׂחוּ״ (יחזקאל מז:ה):
to swim (לִשְׂחוֹת) to float, as: (Ezekiel 47:5) “Water fit to swim in (מֵי שָׂחוּ).”
וְהִשְׁפִּיל. הַמַּשְׁפִּיל אֶת גַּאֲוָתוֹ:
and He shall humble the One Who humbles his haughtiness.
עִם אָרְבּוֹת יָדָיו. לָשׁוֹן ״וְאָרַב לוֹ״ (דברים יט:יא), תִּרְגֵּם יוֹנָתָן: ״אַשְׁוַת יְדוֹהִי״ – מָקוֹם שֶׁהוּא שָׂם לוֹ יָדַיִם לֶאֱרוֹב, וְהֵם מִגְדָּלִים גְּבוֹהִים. אַשְׁוַת – חוֹמוֹת וּמִגְדָּלִים, כְּמוֹ ״נָפְלוּ אָשְׁיוֹתֶיהָ״ (ירמיהו נ:טו):
with the cunning of His hands (אָרְבוֹת,) an expression similar to (Deut. 19:11): “And he lay in wait for him (וְאָרַב).” Jonathan renders: The layings of His hands. The place where He lays His hands to lie in wait. These are the high towers. אַשְׁוַת is an expression of walls and towers, as: (Jer. 50: 15) “Her walls fell (אָשְׁיוֹתֶיהָ).”
מִשְׂגַּב חוֹמֹתֶיךָ. לְמוֹאָב הוּא אוֹמֵר:
the strength of your walls He addresses Moab.