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Rashi on Job Chapter 10

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נָקְטָה נַפְשִׁי. נַפְשִׁי מִתְקוֹטֶטֶת עַל שֶׁאֲנִי חַי, וְהוּא לְשׁוֹן ״וּנְקֹטֹתֶם בִּפְנֵיכֶם״ (יחזקאל כ:מג):

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

My soul quarrels Heb. נקטה. My soul quarrels about the fact that I am alive. That is an expression of (Ezek. 20:43), “and you shall quarrel (ונקטתם) with yourselves.

אֶעֶזְבָה עָלַי שִׂיחִי. צָרָתִי, לִזְעוֹק וְלִקְבּוֹל, וְלֹא אוּכַל לְשַׁבְּחוֹ וּלְהַבְלִיגוֹ:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

I will leave my speech i.e., my trouble, to cry and lament, and I cannot forget it or restrain it.

הֲטוֹב. בִּתְמִיהַּ, כִּי תַעֲשֹׁק וְתִגְזֹל מִן הַצַּדִּיק אֶת צִדְקוֹ, וְעַל עֲצַת רְשָׁעִים וּמַקְנִיטִים הוֹפַעְתָּ זִיוְךָ, לְהַרְאוֹת לָהֶם פָּנִים שׂוֹחֲקוֹת?

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

Is it good Heb. הטוב, an interrogative form. [Is it good to You] that You should oppress and rob the righteous man of his righteousness, [while] upon the council of the wicked, who vex You, You shine Your splendor to show them a friendly countenance?

הֲכִימֵי אֱנוֹשׁ יָמֶיךָ. לְהִתְגָּרוֹת בּוֹ וְלִרְדֹּף?

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

Are Your days like the days of a mortal to provoke him and pursue [him]?

עַל דַּעְתְּךָ. יוֹדֵעַ אַתָּה:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

It is in Your knowledge You know.

עִצְּבוּנִי. עֲשָׂאוּנִי, עֶצֶב דְּפוּס כְּמוֹ אֵין מְעַצְּבִין אֶת הַקָּטָן (שבת קמו:). וְעַתָּה חֵילוֹתֶיךָ יַחַד סָבִיב:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

shaped me Heb. עצבוני, They made me a shape, a mold, like “nor straighten (מעצבין) an infant’s limbs,” in Tractate Shabbath (22:6). But now Your hosts are together round about.

וַתְּבַלְּעֵנִי. הֵם הַתּוֹלָעִים:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

and You destroy me These are the worms.

תְּשִׁיבֵנִי. לְבַסּוֹף:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

You will return me in the end.

כֶּחָלָב תַּתִּיכֵנִי. כְּטִפַּת תּוֹלְדוֹתַי:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

Did you not pour me like milk Concerning the drop from which I was born.

וּפְקֻדָּתְךָ. פְּקֻדַּת מִשְׁמַרְתְּךָ, שֶׁמִּנִּיתָ לִי שׁוֹמְרִים:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

and Your providence The providence of Your watch, for You appointed watchers for me.

שָׁמְרָה רוּחִי. בְּבֶטֶן אִמִּי, וְאַחַר כָּךְ:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

watched my spirit in my mother’s womb, and afterwards...

וְאֵלֶּה צָפַנְתָּ בִלְבָבֶךָ. לְבַלְּעֵנִי, כְּאִלּוּ אֵין (אַתָּה) זוֹכְרָם:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

But You hid these in Your heart to destroy me as though You did not remember them, but...

יָדַעְתִּי כִּי זֹאת עִמָּךְ. הַכֹּל כַּמְפֹרָשׁ, וְלֹא שָׁכַחְתָּ:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

I knew that this was with You, everything as it was delineated, and You did not forget.

אִם חָטָאתִי וּשְׁמַרְתָּנִי. נָתַתָּ עֵינֶיךָ בִּי מִלְּהַעְלִים וְלַעֲבוֹר עַל מִדּוֹתֶיךָ. (וּמֵעַתָּה) וּמֵעֲוֺנִי אֵין אַתָּה מְנַקֵּנִי, אֶלָּא עַל הַכֹּל אַתָּה פּוֹרֵעַ:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

If I sinned, You watched me You laid Your eyes on me so as not to ignore [my sins] nor to forbear retaliation, and [from now on] You are not cleansing me of my iniquity but are requiting me for everything.

שְׂבַע קָלוֹן. אֲנִי:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

sated with disgrace am I.

וּרְאֵה עָנְיִי. אֵין זֶה צִוּוּי, אֶלָּא שֵׁם דָּבָר: רְאֵה עָנְיִי. בֶּדְנַ״ץ בְּלַעַ״ז; שֶׁכָּל שָׁעָה אֲנִי רוֹאֵהוּ. כְּמוֹ שֶׁאַתָּה אוֹמֵר ״וּשְׂבַע יָמִים״ (איוב מב:יז) – כְּמוֹ וְשָׂבֵעַ יָמִים, כֵּן תֹּאמַר וּרְאֵה – כְּמוֹ ׳וְרוֹאֶה עָנְיִי׳:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

and seeing my affliction Heb. וראה. This is not an expression of the imperative, but is an adjective. וראה עניי is badlace (?) in Old French, “that I see it all the time.” As you say (below, at the end of the Book), “וּשְׂבַע יָמִים, and I am sated with days,” like “וְשָׂבֵעַ יָמִים” (with a “kamatz” under the “sin”) so do you say; וּרְאֵה, like וְרוֹאֶה, “and seeing my affliction.”

וְיִגְאֶה כַּשַּׁחַל תְּצוּדֵנִי. וְיִגְדַּל בְּעֵינֶיךָ לִהְיוֹת לְךָ לְמַשָּׂא וּלְפַח נֶפֶשׁ, אֶת אֲשֶׁר כַּשַּׁחַל תְּצוּדֵנִי אֲשֶׁר תִּפְרֹשׂ לִי מְצוּדָה, כְּאִלּוּ אֲנִי גִּבּוֹר כַּשַּׁחַל:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

And it is so great that You hunt me like a lion And it is so great in Your eyes to be to You as a burden and a disappointment, that You hunt me like a lion; You spread out a net for me as though I was as mighty as a lion.

וְתָשׁוּב. מִיּוֹם אֶל יוֹם:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

and You repeatedly from day to day.

תִּתְפַּלָּא בִי. לְדַקְדֵּק וּלְהַפְלִיא בַּמִּשְׁפָּט, לְשׁוֹן ״כִּי יַפְלִא״ (במדבר ו:ב):

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

pronounce a verdict upon me Heb. תתפלא, to exact and to pronounce judgment, an expression of (Num. 6:2). “shall pronounce (יפלא).”

עֵדֶיךָ. לְהָעִיד עַל חֲלִיפַת הֶחֳלָאִים וּמַכְאוֹבִים:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

Your witnesses to testify about the changes of the ailments and the pains.

וְצָבָא עִמִּי. זְמַנִּים קְצוּבִים לְיִסּוּרַי; אֵלּוּ מְשַׁמְּשִׁים (צבא א׳), וְחוֹזְרִים וּמִתְחַלְּפִים שִׁנּוּיִים מְשֻׁנִּים מֵאֵלֶּה, וּמְשַׁמְּשִׁין זְמַן אַחֵר:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

with set times are with me Times set for these my tortures, which serve (once) and [then] repeatedly shift with changes different from these, and serve again.

אֶגְוַע וְעַיִן לֹא תִרְאֵנִי. הַלְוַאי אֶגְוַע מֵרֶחֶם:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

Would that I had died and no eye had seen me If only I had died [upon emerging] from the womb.

אוּבָל. הַלְוַאי הָיִיתִי מוּבָל:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

would that I was brought from the womb to the grave Would that I was brought.

וְשִׁית מִמֶּנִּי. תָּשִׁית עַצְמְךָ מִמֶּנִּי וּמֵעָלַי, כְּמוֹ ״קְרַב אֵלֶיךָ״ (ישעיה סה:ה) – קְרַב לְעַצְמְךָ וּרְחַק מִמֶּנִּי:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

withdraw from me Withdraw Yourself from me and from upon me, like (Isa. 65:5), “Keep to yourself” Remain by yourself and distance yourself from me.

בְּטֶרֶם אֵלֵךְ. בְּעוֹדֶנִּי חַי וְלֹא הִגִּיעַ עֵת מוֹתִי, הַנַּח לִי וְאַרְגִּיעַ:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

before I go While I am still alive, and the time for me to die has not yet arrived, desist from me and I will rest.

עֵיפָתָה. שֵׁם דָּבָר, חֲשֵׁיכָה, כְּמוֹ ״שַׁחַר וְעֵיפָה״ (עמוס ד:יג):

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

darkness Heb. עפתה. This is a noun meaning darkness, like (Amos 4: 13) “dawn and darkness (ועיפתה).”

צַלְמָוֶת. הִיא וְלֹא סְדָרִים בָּהּ (שֶׁאֵין שָׁם סִדְרֵי אָדָם כְּלוֹמַר מִנְהָגִים שֶׁאֵין שָׁם יִשּׁוּב וְאוֹר שֶׁלָּהּ כְּמוֹ אֹפֶל הוּא):

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

the shadow of death it is, without orders in it (that there are no orders of man; i.e., there are no customs, for there is no civilization, and its light is like darkness).

וַתֹּפַע כְּמוֹ אֹפֶל. מָקוֹם מוּפָע שֶׁבָּהּ, כְּמוֹ אֹפֶל הוּא:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

and where the light is as darkness The illuminated place [therein] is like darkness.

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