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Rashi on Job Chapter 16

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(מענה איוב)

יַמְרִיצְךָ. יְשַׁעֶרְךָ פִּיךָ לַחֲשֹׁב דְּבָרִים נִמְרָצִים עַל אוֹפְנֵיהֶם:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

Job’s Reply will bring clarity to you Heb. ימרצך. Your mouth will make you evaluate to think clear words with proper basis.

כָּכֶם אֲדַבֵּרָה. כָּכֶם אֲנִי יוֹדֵעַ לְקַנְתֵּר:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

could speak like you I know how to chide as you do.

לוּ יֵשׁ נַפְשְׁכֶם. בְּיִסּוּרִין תַּחַת נַפְשִׁי, גַּם אֲנִי הָיִיתִי מְחַבֵּר עֲלֵיכֶם בְּמִלִּין וּמֵנִיעַ עֲלֵיכֶם רֹאשִׁי בְּצַעֲקַתְכֶם, וּמְאַמֵּץ אֶתְכֶם בְּמוֹ פִי לֵאמֹר: הַחֲרִישׁוּ, הִתְאַמְּצוּ וְעִמְדוּ בְּיִסּוּרֵיכֶם, כַּאֲשֶׁר אַתֶּם תֹּאמְרוּ אֵלַי:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

if your soul were in pain instead of my soul, I too would join words together against you and shake my head at you in your cry, and encourage you with my mouth, saying, “Be still, have courage, and endure your sufferings,” just as you are saying to me.

וְנִיד שְׂפָתַי. שֶׁאֲנִי נָד וְקוֹבֵל עַתָּה וְצוֹעֵק, אָז יַחְשׂוֹךְ וְלֹא אֶזְעוֹק וְלֹא אָנוּד עוֹד, אֲבָל עַתָּה:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

and the movement of my lips which I move and [with which I] complain now and cry, would then stop, and I would no longer cry or lament, but now...

אִם אֲדַבְּרָה וְגוֹ׳:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

Should I speak etc.

הֲשִׁמּוֹתָ. לְשׁוֹן שְׁתִיקָה, כְּמוֹ ״אֶשְׁתּוֹמֵם״ (ישעיהו סג:ה), וּכְמוֹ ״שֹׁמּוּ שָׁמַיִם״ (ירמיהו ב:יב) – שָׁתְקוּ וְהִתְמָהוּ:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

you have silenced Heb. השמות, you have silenced, like (Dan. 4:16), “was appalled (אשתומם),” and like (Jer. 2:12), “O heavens, be astonished (שמו).” Be silent and wonder.

וַתִּקְמְטֵנִי לְעֵד הָיָה. הִקְמַטְתַּנִי וְהִקְדַּרְתַּנִי בִּשְׁבִיל עֵד, שֶׁהָיָה לְעֵד עַל עֲוֹנִי לְהַשְׂטִינֵנִי:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

You have shriveled me up; it has become a witness You have shriveled me up and blackened me for a witness, for it has become a witness to my iniquity, to accuse me.

צָרִי. הַשָּׂטָן הוּא הַצָּר:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

My Adversary Satan is the adversary.

יִלְטוֹשׁ. יְחַדֵּד, כְּמוֹ ״לוֹטֵשׁ כָּל חֹרֵשׁ וְגוֹמֵר״ (בראשית ד:כב):

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

sharpens Heb. ילטוש, sharpens, like (Gen. 4:22), “who sharpened (לטש) every instrument etc.”

פָּעֲרוּ עָלַי בְּפִיהֶם. פָּתְחוּ, כְּמוֹ ״וּפָעֲרָה פִיהָ״ (ישעיה ה:יד):

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

They open their mouth at me Heb. פערו, they open, like (Isa. 5:14), “and opened (ופערה) its mouth.”

יִתְמַלָּאוּן. יִתְאַסְּפוּן, וְהַרְבֵּה לוֹ דּוֹמִין בַּמִּקְרָא: ״קָרְאוּ אַחֲרֶיךָ מָלֵא״ (ירמיה יב:ו), ״אֲשֶׁר יִקָּרֵא עָלָיו מְלֹא רֹעִים״ (ישעיה לא:ד). וְאֵינוֹ מִשְׁתַּנֶּה מִלְּשׁוֹנוֹ, כִּי כָל ׳מִלּוּי׳ – ׳נֶאֱסָף׳ הוּא:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

they assemble Heb. יתמלאון, they gather, and there are many similar words in Scripture, e.g. (Jer. 12:6), “have called a gang (מלא) after you”; (Isa. 31:4), “although a band (מלא) of shepherds gather against him,” but it does not deviate from its original meaning because every filling (מלוי) is a gathering together.

יַסְגִּירֵנִי אֵל אֶל עֲוִיל. הִסְגִּירַנִי הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אֶל אֱוִיל לֵץ עוֹלֵל, לָלוּץ בִּי:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

God delivers me to a fool The Holy One, blessed be He, delivered me to a fool, a scorner, a mocker, to be scornful of me.

וְעַל יְדֵי רְשָׁעִים יִרְטֵנִי. רְטִיַּת תַּנְחוּמָיו וּרְפוּאָתִי מָסַר לָרְשָׁעִים, שֶׁאֵינָן אֶלָּא מַקְנִיטִים. דָּבָר אַחֵר: יִרְטֵנִי כְּמוֹ יְרַצֵּנִי, לְשׁוֹן רִצּוּי וְתַנְחוּמִים:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

and heals me through the hands of the wicked Heb. ירטני. The bandage of His consolations and my healing He delivered to the wicked, who only provoke. Another explanation: יַרְטֵנִי is like יַרְצֵנִי, He placates me, an expression of placating and consolation

וַיְפַרְפְּרֵנִי. אוֹתוֹ עֲוִיל, לְשׁוֹן פֵּרוּרִין:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

but he crumbled me to pieces Heb. ויפרפני. That fool [crumbled me]. [It is] an expression of crumbs (פרורין).

וַיְפַצְפְּצֵנִי. לְשׁוֹן נִשְׁבָּר לִשְׁבָרִים הַרְבֵּה בַּחֲבָטָה רַבָּה, כְּמוֹ ״וְנִפַּצְתִּים אִישׁ אֶל אָחִיו״ (ירמיה יג:יד), ״וְנִפֵּץ עֹלָלַיִךְ אֶל הַסָּלַע״ (תהלים קלז:ט):

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

and shattered me Heb. ויפצפצני, an expression of something being broken into many fragments with a hard blow, like (Jer. 13:14), “And I will dash them (ונפצתים), one against the other”; (Ps. 137:90), “and dash (ונפץ) your little ones against the rock. “

רַבָּיו. מוֹרֶה חִצָּיו, כְּמוֹ ״רֹבֶה קֶשֶׁת״ (בראשית כא:כ):

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

His archers רביו, the one who shoots his arrows, as in (Gen. 21:20), “and he became an archer (רבה קשת).”

מְרֵרָתִי. מָרָה שֶׁלִּי:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

my gall Heb. מְרֵירָתִי, my gall.

גִּלְדִּי. מַכָּה יְבֵשָׁה וְהַעֲלָאַת גֶּלֶד, וּלְשׁוֹן מִשְׁנָה (ראש השנה כז:): וְהֶעֱמִידוֹ עַל גִּלְדּוֹ:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

my scab Heb. גלדי, a dry wound that forms a crust, and [in] the language of the Mishnah (Rosh Hashanah 27b): He scraped it (the shofar) down to a thin crust (גלדו).

וְעוֹלַלְתִּי. וְלִכְלַכְתִּי וְגִנִּיתִי, כְּמוֹ ״וַיִּתְעַלְּלוּ בָהּ״ (שופטים יט:כה) – לְשׁוֹן בִּזָּיוֹן וּגְנַאי, וּכְמוֹ ״עוֹלְלָה לְנַפְשִׁי״ (איכה ג:נא):

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

and sullied Heb. ועללתי, and I sullied, like (Jud. 19:25), “and abused (ויתעללו) her,” an expression of disgrace and abasement, and like (Lam. 3:51), “sullies (עוללה) my soul.”

קַרְנִי. זִיוִי, לָשׁוֹן ״וְקַרְנַיִם מִיָּדוֹ לוֹ״ (חבקוק ג:ד):

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

my radiance Heb. קרני, my radiance, an expression of (Habakkuk 3:4): “rays of light (קרנים) came to them from his hand.”

חֳמַרְמְרוּ. נִקְמְטוּ, כְּמוֹ ״נֶחְמְרוּ בְּנֵי מֵעֶיהָ״ בִּלְשׁוֹן מִשְׁנָה (חולין נו:); וְכֵן ״מֵעַי חֳמַרְמָרוּ״ (איכה א:כ):

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

became shriveled Heb. חמרמרו, like (Chullin 3:3), “and its internal organs became shriveled (ונחמרו),” in the language of the Mishnah. Similarly (Lam. 1:20), “my intestines have become shriveled (חמרמרו).”

צַלְמָוֶת. שֶׁחָשְׁכוּ מֵחֲמַת בֶּכִי וְדֶמְעָה:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

the shadow of death it became darkened from weeping and tears.

וּתְפִלָּתִי זַכָּה. לֹא קִלַּלְתִּי חֲבֵרִי, וְלֹא פִלַּלְתִּי לוֹ רָעָה:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

and my prayer is pure I did not curse my friend nor did I think any evil against him.

וְאַל יְהִי מָקוֹם. בָּאָרֶץ לְהַבְלִיעַ בּוֹ צַעֲקָתִי, כִּי לַשָּׁמַיִם תַּעֲלֶה:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

and let there be no place in the earth to absorb my cry, but it should ascend to heaven.

הִנֵּה בַשָּׁמַיִם עֵדִי. יוֹצְרִי הַיּוֹדֵעַ דְּרָכִי:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

behold my Witness is in heaven My Creator, Who knows my ways.

דָּלְפָה. דּוֹמַעַת וְזוֹלֶפֶת דִּמְעָה, לְשׁוֹן דִּלּוּף:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

pours out Heb. דלפה, tears and sprays tears, an expression of dripping (דלוף).

וְיוֹכַח לְגֶבֶר. וְהַלְוַאי יַעֲשֶׂה לִי זֹאת, שֶׁיִּתֵּן לִי מָקוֹם לְהִתְוַכֵּחַ גֶּבֶר עִם אֱלוֹהַּ, לְהַשְׁווֹת שְׁנֵי הָרִיבִים: רִיב גֶּבֶר עִם קוֹנוֹ וְרִיב בֵּין אָדָם לְרֵעֵהוּ:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

Would that a man could reason If only He would do this for me, that He would give me a place so that a man could reason with God, to liken the two contentions: the contention of man with his Maker, and the contention of man with his fellow.

כִּי שְׁנוֹת וְגוֹ׳. הַקְּצוּבִים מִסְפָּר לִימֵי חַיַּי:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

For numbered [years] The limited number of the days of my life.

יֶאֱתָיוּ. יַגִּיעוּ, וְאָז אֹרַח לֹא אָשׁוּב אֶהֱלֹךְ:

The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

will come Will arrive, and then I will go on a way from which I will not return.

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