Rashi on Judges Chapter 18
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כִּי לֹא נָפְלָה לוֹ. יְרֻשָּׁה כְּפִי הָרָאוּי לָהֶם בְּאֶרֶץ מְכֻבֶּשֶׁת, כְּמוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בִּיהוֹשֻׁעַ (יהושע יט:מז): ״וַיֵּצֵא גְבוּל בְּנֵי דָן מֵהֶם״, וְאַף מִכָּאן יֵשׁ לִלְמֹד שֶׁהָיָה מַעֲשֶׂה זֶה בִּתְחִלַּת הַשּׁוֹפְטִים מִיָּד:
As there had not fallen to their lot. A suitable inheritance for them in the conquered territory, as it is said in Yehoshua, "The boundry of Bnei Don extended from them."¹² This, too, teaches us that this episode took place at the very beginning of the period of the judges.³
footnotes: ¹ Yehoshua, 19:47. See Rashi there. ² When the apportioning of the land among the tribes was completed. ³ In addition to the evidence presented by Rashi above, 17:1.
מִי הֱבִיאֲךָ הֲלֹם. יֵשׁ כָּאן תְּמִיהוֹת הַרְבֵּה, (בבא בתרא קי:) לֹא מִזַּרְעוֹ שֶׁל מֹשֶׁה רַבֵּינוּ אַתָּה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בּוֹ (שמות ג:ה): ״אַל תִּקְרַב הֲלֹם״, (שם ד:יא): ״מִי שָׂם פֶּה לָאָדָם״, (שם ד:ב): ״מַה זֶּה בְיָדֶךָ״:
Who brought you here. There are numerous questions here. Are you not descended from our teacher Moshe, to whom it was said, "Do not come close here,"⁴ "Who provided mankind with the mouth?"⁵ and "What is this in your hand?"⁶
footnotes: ⁴ Shemos, 3:5.הֲלוֹם, “here”, in our passage corresponds with הֲלוֹם, “here”, in the statement to Moshe. ⁵ Ibid, 4:11. פֶז in our passage coresponds with פֶה “mouth”, there. ⁶ Ibid, 4:2. מָה…בָּזֶה corresponds with מַה זֶה there.
שְׁאַל נָא בֵאלֹהִים. בַּתְּרָפִים שֶׁמְּדַבְּרִים עַל יְדֵי מְכַשְּׁפוֹת:
Please inquire of God through the figurines, which communicate by sorcery.
נֹכַח ה׳ דַּרְכְּכֶם. נֹכַח הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא גָּלוּי, כִּי זֶה אֵין בּוֹ מַמָּשׁ:
The route you will follow is before Adonoy It is revealed before the Holy One, blessed is He, but these [figurines] are worthless.
וְאֵין מַכְלִים דָּבָר. אֵין אֶחָד מֵהֶם צָרִיךְ לַחֲבֵרוֹ שֶׁיַּחֲזִירֶנּוּ רֵיקָם וְיַכְלִימֶנּוּ, כְּמוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בְּסוֹף הָעִנְיָן (פסוק י): ״אֵין מַחְסוֹר כָּל דָּבָר״, כָּךְ שָׁמַעְתִּי:
With nothing to put them to shame. No one ever needed anothers' help, who might have rebuffed him empty handedly, thus humiliating him, as stated below, "Nothing is lacking."⁷ So I have heard.
footnotes: ⁷ Below v.10.
יוֹרֵשׁ עֶצֶר. יוֹרְשִׁים מוּעָטִים, שֶׁאִם יַהַרְגוּ אֶת אֵלּוּ, אֵין עוֹד עוֹרְרִין נִלְחָמִים עִם הַמַּחֲזִיקִים בַּנַּחֲלָה:
There is a dearth of heirs. There are few heirs, so that if they should be killed, no other claimants will wage war against those who occupy the territory.
וּרְחוֹקִים הֵמָּה. מֵעֶזְרַת צִידוֹנִים:
They were distant. From the support of the Tzidonians.
וְדָבָר אֵין לָהֶם עִם אָדָם. שׁוּם בְּרִית כְּרוּתָה שֶׁיָּבֹאוּ לְעֶזְרָתָם לְעֵת הַצֹּרֶךְ:
And they were not allied with anyone. They had not entered into any treaty requiring others to come to their assistance in times of need.
מָה אַתֶּם. כְּלוֹמַר מָה אַתֶּם מְשִׁיבִים דָּבָר, מַה מְּצָאתֶם בַּמָּקוֹם שֶׁנָּפַל לָנוּ גוֹרָלֵנוּ, מָה הָעָם, הֶחָזָק הוּא הֲרָפֶה:
What is your response? As if to say, "what is your response?" What have you found, in the territory apportioned to us? Are the people strong or weak?'
וְאַתֶּם מַחְשִׁים. מִתְעַצְּלִים:
You are apathetic Lazy.
וְאֶת הַכְּבוּדָּה. מַשָּׂאוֹת, כָּל דָּבָר שֶׁהוּא כָּבֵד בַּהֲלִיכָתוֹ שֶׁאֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לָרוּץ אִם יִרְדְּפוּ בְּנֵי הַמָּקוֹם אַחֲרֵיהֶם:
The bulky cargo. The loads. Anything which moved ponderously, thus making it impossible to move quickly should the local inhabitants pursue them.
הַכְּבוּדָּה. פיזנטו״מא בְּלַעַ״ז:
The bulky cargo. "Pezantume" in old French.
וַיַּסֵּבּוּ פְּנֵיהֶם. בְּנֵי דָן אֶל הַקּוֹרְאִים אֲלֵיהֶם:
They turned their faces. The sons of Don turned towards those who shouted at them.
וּמַה לִּי עוֹד. וּמַה נִּשְׁאַר לִי עוֹד:
What else do I have. What else remains for me?
אֲנָשִׁים מָרֵי נֶפֶשׁ. כַּעֲסָנִים שֶׁיֵּשׁ בְּסִיעָתֵנוּ:
Bitter tempered men. There are angry men in our company.
לַיִשׁ. שֵׁם הָעִיר, וּבְסֵפֶר יְהוֹשֻׁעַ (יהושע יט:מז) קוֹרֵא שְׁמָהּ ׳לֶשֶׁם׳, עַל שֵׁם שֶׁמָּצְאוּ שָׁם אֶבֶן טוֹבָה שֶׁשְּׁמָהּ ׳לֶשֶׁם׳, וְהִיא הָיְתָה עַל הַחֹשֶׁן לְשֵׁבֶט דָּן, שְׁמוֹ כָּתוּב עַל ׳לֶשֶׁם׳, וְיָדְעוּ שֶׁבֶּאֱמֶת הִיא נַחֲלָתָם:
Laish. The city's name. The book of Yehoshua entitles it "Leshem,"⁸ because they discovered, there, a precious gem called "leshem." This was inlaid in the Choshen plate,⁹ and symbolized the tribe of Don, whose name was inscribed on it. Thus, they were certain that this was actually their ancestral property.
footnotes: ⁸ Yehoshua 19:47. ⁹ The sacred Urim Vetumim oracles, which spelled out the Divine message for those inquirii of Adonoy. (Yoma, 73:b).
בֶּן מְנַשֶּׁה. מִפְּנֵי כְּבוֹדוֹ שֶׁל מֹשֶׁה כָּתוּב נוּ״ן לְשַׁנּוֹת אֶת הַשֵּׁם, וְנִכְתַּב תְּלוּיָה לוֹמַר שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה מְנַשֶּׁה אֶלָּא מֹשֶׁה:
Ben Menasheh. In deference to Moshe, the letter "nun" was included, thus altering the name. It is scripturally suspended to indicate that he was actually not Menasheh, but Moshe.¹⁰
footnotes: ¹⁰ Bava Basra 109b.
עַד יוֹם גְּלוֹת הָאָרֶץ. בִּימֵי סַנְחֵרִיב בְּגָלוּת רִאשׁוֹנָה:
Until the day of the exile from the land. During the time of Sancheriv, at the first exile.