and [with] earth upon them They had put earth on their heads.

from all the foreigners and from their wives of the heathen nations, as is stated above (Ezra 10).

on the step of the Levites There were steps upon which the Levites would stand when they would recite their song [for the sacrificial service].

from everlasting to ever lasting From the beginning of the world until its end, He shall be blessed.

and they shall bless Your glorious Name Now the Levites spoke toward the Shechinah in prayer, for He is great and exalted over every blessing and praise, for all the blessings and praises are His. Another explanation is that He is exalted above every blessing and praise; that no creature can bless Him or praise Him according to His greatness and His exaltedness, for He is exalted and raised higher than the mouth can express.

and made Heb. וְשַּׂמְתָּ. The accent is on the first syllable on the “sin,” because its meaning is in the past tense.

and You made Heb. וְכָרוֹת, lit. and cutting, an expression of doing.

that they dealt wickedly Heb. הֵזִידוּ, that they dealt wickedly, like (Exod. 18:11): “...that they plotted (זָדוּ) against them.”

a name Heb. שֵּׁם, renom in French, renown.

by day every day.

and spoke Heb. וְדַּבֵּר, like וּלְדַבֵּר, and to speak, as it says (Deut. 4:36): “From the heavens He let you hear His voice to chastise you.”

for their hunger Heb. לִרְעָבָם. From רָעָב one says לִרְעָבָם, as from צָמָא [one says] לִצְמָאָם.

that You raised Your hand with an oath, like (Exod. 6:8): “...which I raised My hand to give it.”

because of their rebelliousness Heb. בְּמִרְיָם.

on the way Heb. בְּהַדֶּרֶךְ, like בַּדֶּרֶךְ.

into a corner Heb. לְפֵאָה, like “to be to the side of one corner,” separate, not mingling with the nations of the lands.

and You vanquished [as translated,] and You vanquished.

And You from the heavens You heard you listened.

But You extended upon them You extended mercy upon them not to destroy them.

with all that has come upon us with the entire episode of the harsh tortures that have come upon us.

Behold, today we are slaves upon it [the land], for we pay tribute to all the nations.

And its produce [the produce] of the land of Israel.

it lavishes delicacies to the kings of the nations...

whom You have appointed over us who rule over us.