That himru: They wagered - like, "That they mamerin with doves," in Sanhedrin (25b:6).

Who here is Hillel: Is Hillel here at all? And this was demeaning speech towards a Nassi of Israel.

Why are the heads of Babylonians oval: Besloncs in [Old French]. That it is not round. Another [possibility], the heads of the Babylonians are circular, round.

Terutot: Soft.

Because they live among the sands: And the wind blows and it enters their eyes. But in another place, it explains that terutot is an expression of the roundness of their sockets. And here too I say [that it is] so. And because they live among the sands, the Omnipresent changed them, that they should not be like the slits of our eyes - which are elongated - such that sand could enter it. And likewise the feet of the Africans are wide, so that they do not drown in the marshlands. But our Rabbis explained that they live in marshlands and walk barefoot, so their feet spread out; since shoes press the foot and holds its form.

Hillel is worthy: He is deserving of this.

He cast him out with reprimand: As we learned in a baraita, "One who comes to accept the matters of scholarly association except for one matter; and likewise, a [gentile] who comes to convert and takes upon himself the words of the Torah except for one matter - we do not accept him." This is in Tractate Bekhorot 30b:4.

He converted him: And he relied on his [own] wisdom, that in the end he would accustom him to accept it upon himself. For he was not similar to [a case of], "except for one matter." As he did not deny the oral Torah, but rather did not believe that it was from the mouth of the Almighty; whereas Hillel was convinced that he would [eventually] rely upon him, after he would teach him.

He reversed it on him: For example, tav, shin, reish, kof.

Didn’t you rely on me: From where do you know that this is alef and this is bet? Rather I taught it to you, and you relied upon me. [So] rely upon my words regarding the Oral [Torah] as well.

Builder’s cubit: A stick that was a cubit long. And they would measure the length of a building with it. For they would settle a price with the craftsmen - so and so cubits, for such and such money.

That which is hateful to you, do not do to your fellow: "Do not forsake your friend or your father's friend" (Proverbs 27:10) - this [refers to] the Holy One, blessed be He. Do not violate His words, for it is hateful unto you when a friend violates your words. Another [explanation]: Your fellow, literally - such as [with] robbery, theft, kidnapping, adultery, and most of the commandments.

The rest: The other words of the Torah.

Its interpretation: As there is substance to knowing which thing is hateful. Go study and know [it].

A sofer (lit., a scribe): A teacher of children.

Protocols: The rules of the king's needs, in keeping with his honor.

These three: Those converts.

Did you set times - because one needs to deal with Derech Eretz [normal life, such as work], if there is no Derech Eretz there is no Torah. Therefore, one needs to set specific times for Torah study lest he be pulled into Derech Eretz for the whole day.

Did you expect salvation - according to the words of the prophets.