Text

Targum Jonathan on I Samuel Chapter 20

Can copy this into an AI, or connect the whole library to your assistant. For deeper learning, you can directly use the original seforim, sites, and apps.

וַעֲרַק דָוִד מִבֵּית אוּלְפָנָא דִי בְרָמָתָא וַאֲתָא וַאֲמַר קֳדָם יְהוֹנָתָן מֶה עֲבָדִית מֶה חוֹבִי וּמֶה סוּרְחָנִי קֳדָם אָבוּךְ אֲרֵי בָּעִי לְמִקְטְלִי:

The Targum of Samuel; trans. E. van Staalduine-Sulman. Leiden: Brill, 2002

Then David fled from the Talmud School in Ramah, and came and said before Jonathan, “What have I done? What is my guilt? And what is my sin before your father, that he seeks to kill me?”

וַאֲמַר לֵיהּ חַס לָא תְמוּת הָא לָא יַעְבֵּיד אַבָּא פִּתְגַם רַב אוֹ פִּתְגַם זְעֵיר וְלָא יְחַוֵי לִי וּמָא דֵין כַסֵי אַבָּא מִנִי יַת פִּתְגָמָא הָדֵין לֵית דָא קַיָמָא:

The Targum of Samuel; trans. E. van Staalduine-Sulman. Leiden: Brill, 2002

And he said to him, “Far be it! You shall not die. Behold, my father does nothing either great or small without telling it to me; and why should my father hide this from me? This is not lasting.”

וְקַיֵם עוֹד דָוִד וַאֲמַר מִדַע יְדַע אֲבוּךְ אֲרֵי אַשְׁכְּחִית רַחֲמִין בְּעֵינָךְ וַאֲמַר לָא יְדַע דָא יְהוֹנָתָן דִלְמָא יִתְנְסֵיס וּבְרַם קַיָם הוּא יְיָ וְחַיֵי נַפְשָׁךְ אֲרֵי כְפִסְעָא חֲדָא בֵּינָא וּבֵין מוֹתָא:

The Targum of Samuel; trans. E. van Staalduine-Sulman. Leiden: Brill, 2002

But David swore, “Your father knows well that I have found favour in your sight. And he says, ‘Let not Jonathan know this, lest he be sorrowed.’ And now, as the LORD is the existing One, and by your own soul, there is the like of one step between me and death.”

וַאֲמַר יְהוֹנָתָן לְדָוִד מָא רַעֲוָא נַפְשָׁךְ וְאַעְבֵּד לָךְ:

The Targum of Samuel; trans. E. van Staalduine-Sulman. Leiden: Brill, 2002

And Jonathan said to David, “Whatever the delight of your soul is, I will do for you.”

וַאֲמַר דָוִד לִיהוֹנָתָן הָא יַרְחָא מְחַר וַאֲנָא אַסְחָרָא אַסְחַר עִם מַלְכָּא לְמֵיכַל וְתִשְׁלְחִינַנִי וְאִטַמֵר בְּחַקְלָא עַד עִדַן רַמְשָׁא דְיוֹמָא תְלִיתָאָה:

The Targum of Samuel; trans. E. van Staalduine-Sulman. Leiden: Brill, 2002

David said to Jonathan, “Behold, tomorrow is the new moon, and I should surely turn back to eat with the king. But let me go, that I may hide myself in the field till the time of the evening of the third day.

אִם מִבְעָא יִבְעִינַנִי אֲבוּךְ וְתֵימַר אִשְׁתְּאָלָא אִשְׁתְּאַל מִנִי דָוִד לְמֵיזַל לְבֵית לֶחֶם קַרְתֵּיהּ אֲרֵי שֵׁירוּי נִכְסַת קוּדְשַׁיָא יוֹמָא דֵין תַּמָן לְכָל זַרְעִיתָא:

The Targum of Samuel; trans. E. van Staalduine-Sulman. Leiden: Brill, 2002

If your father really seeks me, then you shall say, ‘David earnestly asked leave of me to go to Bethlehem his city, for there is the meal of the sacrifice of holy things today for all the family.’

אִם כְּדֵין יֵימַר טָב שְׁלָם לְעַבְדָךְ וְאִם מִתְקֵיף יִתְקֵיף לֵיהּ דַע אֲרֵי גְמִירָא בִישְׁתָא מִנֵיהּ:

The Targum of Samuel; trans. E. van Staalduine-Sulman. Leiden: Brill, 2002

If he says, ‘Good!’ it will be peace for your servant; but if he is very angry, then know that evil is determined by him.

וְתַעְבֵּיד טִיבוּ עִם עַבְדָךְ אֲרֵי בְּקַיָמָא דַייָ אָעֵלִיתָא יַת עַבְדָךְ עִמָךְ וְאִם אִית בִּי חוֹבָא קְטוֹלְנִי אַתְּ וּלְוַת אָבוּךְ לְמָא דְנָן תַּעֵילִינַנִי:

The Targum of Samuel; trans. E. van Staalduine-Sulman. Leiden: Brill, 2002

Therefore deal kindly with your servant, for you have brought your servant into covenant of the LORD with you. But if there is guilt in me, kill me yourself; for why should you bring me to your father?”

וַאֲמַר יְהוֹנָתָן חַס לָךְ אֲרֵי אִם מִדַע אֵדַע אֲרֵי גְמִירָא בִּישְׁתָּא מִן אַבָּא לְמֵיתֵי עֲלָךְ וְלָא יָתָהּ אֲחַוֵי לָךְ:

The Targum of Samuel; trans. E. van Staalduine-Sulman. Leiden: Brill, 2002

And Jonathan said, “Far be it from you! If I know that it was determined by my father that evil should come upon you, would I not tell you?”

וַאֲמַר דָוִד לִיהוֹנָתָן מַן יְחַוֵי לִי אוֹ דִלְמָא יְתֵבִנָךְ אֲבוּךְ פִּתְגָמִין קָשִׁין:

The Targum of Samuel; trans. E. van Staalduine-Sulman. Leiden: Brill, 2002

Then said David to Jonathan, “Who will tell me, whether perhaps your father answers you with harsh words?”

וַאֲמַר יְהוֹנָתָן לְדָוִד אֲזַל וְנִפוֹק לְחַקְלָא וּנְפַקוּ תַּרְוֵיהוֹן לְחַקְלָא:

The Targum of Samuel; trans. E. van Staalduine-Sulman. Leiden: Brill, 2002

And Jonathan said to David, “Come, let us go out into the field.” So they both went out to the field.

וַאֲמַר יְהוֹנָתָן לְדָוִד יְיָ אֱלָהָא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל אֲרֵי אֶבְדוֹק יַת אַבָּא בְּעִדָנָא הָדֵין מְחַר אוֹ בְּיוֹמָא תְּלִיתָאָה וְהָא פִתְגָמַיָא תַקְנִין מִתְאַמְרִין עַל דָוִד וְלָא מִכְּעַן אֶשְׁלַח לְוָתָךְ וַאֲחַוֵי לָךְ:

The Targum of Samuel; trans. E. van Staalduine-Sulman. Leiden: Brill, 2002

And Jonathan said to David, “The LORD, the God of Israel – for I will inquire my father, about this time tomorrow or the third day, and [if] it will be right words that are spoken about David, will I not send to you and tell you?

כְּדֵין יַעֲבֵּיד יְיָ לִיהוֹנָתָן וּכְדֵין יוֹסִיף אֲרֵי גְמִירָא מִן אַבָּא לְמֵיתֵי בִישְׁתָּא עֲלָךְ וַאַחֲוֵי לָךְ וְאֶשְׁלְחִנָךְ וּתְהַךְ לִשְׁלָם וִיהֵי מֵימְרָא דַייָ בְּסַעֲדָךְ כְּמָא דַהֲוָה בְּסַעֲדֵיהּ דְאַבָּא:

The Targum of Samuel; trans. E. van Staalduine-Sulman. Leiden: Brill, 2002

But should it be decided by my father to bring evil upon you, the LORD do so to Jonathan, and add more also, if I do not tell it to you, and send you away, that you may go in peace. May the speech of the LORD be in your aid, as it has been in my father’s aid.

וְלָא עַד דַאֲנָא קַיָם וְלָא תַעְבֵּיד עִמִי טִיבוּ מִן קֳדָם יְיָ וְלָא אֵמוּת:

The Targum of Samuel; trans. E. van Staalduine-Sulman. Leiden: Brill, 2002

And will you not, as long as I am alive – and will you not do goodness with me from before the LORD that I will not die?

וְלָא תַפְסִיק יַת טִיבוּתָךְ מִן אֱנַשׁ בֵּיתִי עַד עַלְמָא וְלָא כַּד שֵׁיצֵי יְיָ יַת סַנְאֵי דָוִד גְבַר מֵעַל אַפֵּי אַרְעָא:

The Targum of Samuel; trans. E. van Staalduine-Sulman. Leiden: Brill, 2002

And do not cut off your goodness from my house forever, when the LORD will end the haters of David, each man from the surface of the earth,

וּגְזַר יְהוֹנָתָן קְיָם עִם בֵּית דָוִד וְאִתְפְּרַע לֵיהּ יְיָ מִיַד סַנְאֵי דָוִד:

The Targum of Samuel; trans. E. van Staalduine-Sulman. Leiden: Brill, 2002

for Jonathan made a covenant with the house of David. And may the LORD take vengeance for him on David’s haters.”

וְאוֹסִיף יְהוֹנָתָן לְאוֹמָאָה יַת דָוִד בִּדְרָחִים יָתֵיהּ אֲרֵי רַחֲמַת נַפְשֵׁיהּ רַחֲמֵיהּ:

The Targum of Samuel; trans. E. van Staalduine-Sulman. Leiden: Brill, 2002

And Jonathan made David swear again by his love for him; for he loved him as he loved his own soul.

וַאֲמַר לֵיהּ יְהוֹנָתָן מְחַר יַרְחָא וְתִתְבְּעֵי אֲרֵי יְהֵי מַרְוַח בֵּית אַסְחָרוּתָךְ:

The Targum of Samuel; trans. E. van Staalduine-Sulman. Leiden: Brill, 2002

Then Jonathan said to him, “Tomorrow is the new moon; and you will be sought, for your place at the banquet will be empty.

וּבִתְלָתוּת יוֹמַיָא תִּתְבָּעֵי לַחֲדָא וּתְהַךְ לְאַתְרָא דְאִטַמַרְתָּא תַמָן בְּיוֹמָא דְחוֹלָא וְתִתֵּיב בִּסְטַר אֶבֶן אָתָא:

The Targum of Samuel; trans. E. van Staalduine-Sulman. Leiden: Brill, 2002

And on the third [day] of the moon you will be greatly sought. Then go to the place where you hid yourself on the profane day and remain beside the Stone of the Sign.

וַאֲנָא תְּלָתָא גִירִין בְּקַשְׁתָּא אֶשְׁדֵי לְמִמְחֵי לִי לְפִילְגִיסָא:

The Targum of Samuel; trans. E. van Staalduine-Sulman. Leiden: Brill, 2002

And I will shoot three arrows with the bow as though I want to hit a target.

וְהָא אֶשְׁלַח יַת עוּלֵימָא אֱזֵיל וְאַיְתֵי יַת גִירַיָא אִם מֵימַר אֵימַר לְעוּלֵימָא הָא גִירַיָא מִנָךְ וּלְכָא סַבְהִי וְאַיְתָא אֲרֵי שְׁלָם לָךְ וְלֵית מִדַעַם בִּישׁ קַיָם הוּא יְיָ:

The Targum of Samuel; trans. E. van Staalduine-Sulman. Leiden: Brill, 2002

And behold, I will send the young man, saying, ‘Go, bring the arrows back.’ If I clearly say to the young man, ‘Look, the arrow is on this side of you, take it,’ then you can come, for it is safe for you and there is no evil, as the LORD is the existing One.

וְאִם כְּדֵין אֵימַר לְעוּלֵימָא הָא גִירַיָא מִנָךְ וּלְהָלָא אֱזֵיל אֲרֵי שֵׁיזְבִינָךְ יְיָ:

The Targum of Samuel; trans. E. van Staalduine-Sulman. Leiden: Brill, 2002

But if I say to the young man, ‘Look, the arrow is beyond you,’ then go, for the LORD delivers you.

וּפִתְגָמָא דִי מַלֵילְנָא אֲנָא וְאַתְּ הָא מֵימְרָא דַייָ בֵּינִי וּבֵינָךְ סָהִיד עַד עַלְמָא:

The Targum of Samuel; trans. E. van Staalduine-Sulman. Leiden: Brill, 2002

And as for the matter of which I and you have spoken, behold, the speech of the LORD is witness between you and me for ever.”

וְאִטַמַר דָוִד בְּחַקְלָא וַהֲוָה יַרְחָא וְאַסְחַר מַלְכָּא עַל לַחְמָא לְמֵיכָל:

The Targum of Samuel; trans. E. van Staalduine-Sulman. Leiden: Brill, 2002

So David hid himself in the field. And when the new moon came, the king sat down at the banquet to eat.

וְאַסְחַר מַלְכָּא עַל שִׁוְיֵיהּ כִּזְמַן בִּזְמַן עַל שִׁוְיֵה דִמְתַקַן לֵיהּ בִּסְטַר כּוֹתְלָא וְקָם יְהוֹנָתָן וְאַסְחַר אַבְנֵר מִסִטְרָא דְשָׁאוּל וַהֲוָה אַתְרָא דְדָוִד מַרְוָח:

The Targum of Samuel; trans. E. van Staalduine-Sulman. Leiden: Brill, 2002

The king sat upon his couch, as at other times, on the couch that was prepared for him by the wall; and Jonathan stood, and Abner sat by Saul’s side, but David’s place was empty.

וְלָא מַלֵיל שָׁאוּל מִדַעַם בְּיוֹמָא הַהוּא אֲרֵי אֲמַר דִלְמָא עִירוּעַ הוּא לֵיהּ וְלָא דְכֵי הוּא אוֹ דִלְמָא לְאוֹרַח אֲזַל וַאֲנַחֲנָא לָא זַמְנִינְהִי:

The Targum of Samuel; trans. E. van Staalduine-Sulman. Leiden: Brill, 2002

Yet Saul did not say anything that day, for he thought, “Could it be that an accident has befallen him so that he is not clean? Or could he be on the road, so that we could not invite him?”

וַהֲוָה בְּיוֹמָא דְבַתְרוֹהִי דְהוּא עִבּוּר יַרְחָא תִּנְיָנָא וַהֲוָה אַתְרָא דְדָוִד מַרְוַח וַאֲמַר שָׁאוּל לִיהוֹנָתָן בְּרֵיהּ מָא דֵין לָא אֲתָא בַר יִשַׁי אַף תְּמָלֵי אַף יוֹמָא דֵין לְלַחְמָא:

The Targum of Samuel; trans. E. van Staalduine-Sulman. Leiden: Brill, 2002

But on the next day, which was the intercalated day of the second month, David’s place was empty. And Saul said to Jonathan his son, “Why has not the son of Jesse come to the meal, either yesterday or today?”

וַאֲתֵיב יְהוֹנָתָן יַת שָׁאוּל אִשְׁתְּאָלָא אִשְׁתְּאַל דָוִד מִנִי לְמֵיזַל עַד בֵּית לֶחֶם:

The Targum of Samuel; trans. E. van Staalduine-Sulman. Leiden: Brill, 2002

Jonathan answered Saul, “David earnestly asked leave of me to go to Bethlehem.

וַאֲמַר שַׁלְחֵנִי כְּעַן אֲרֵי שֵׁירוּ נִכְסַת קוּדְשַׁיָא לְכָל זַרְעִיתָא לָנָא בְקַרְתָּא וְהוּא פַקֵיד לִי אֲחִי וּכְעַן אִם אַשְׁכְּחֵית רַחֲמִין בְּעֵינָךְ אִשְׁתֵּיזֵיב כְּעַן וְאֶחֱזֵי יַת אֲחַי עַל כֵּן לָא אֲתָא לְפָתוֹרָא דְמַלְכָּא:

The Targum of Samuel; trans. E. van Staalduine-Sulman. Leiden: Brill, 2002

He said, ‘Let me go, for there is a meal with the sacrifice of holy things for all our family in town and my brother commanded me [to come]. So now, if I have found favour in your sight, let me escape and see my brothers.’ Therefore he has not come to the king’s table.”

וּתְקֵיף רוּגְזָא דְשָׁאוּל בִּיהוֹנָתָן וַאֲמַר לֵיהּ בַּר סַרְבָנִיתָא דְמַרְדוּתָא קַשְׁיָא הֲלָא יָדַעְנָא אֲרֵי רָעֵי אַתְּ לְבַר יִשַׁי לְבַהֲתָתָךְ וּלְבַהֲתַת קְלַן אִמָךְ:

The Targum of Samuel; trans. E. van Staalduine-Sulman. Leiden: Brill, 2002

Then Saul’s anger was strong against Jonathan and he said to him, “You son of a perverse and strongly rebellious woman! Do I not know that you love the son of Jesse to your own shame and to the shame of your mother’s nakedness?

אֲרֵי כָּל יוֹמַיָא דְבַר יִשַׁי קַיָם עַל אַרְעָא לָא תִתְקַן אַתְּ וּמַלְכוּתָךְ וּכְעַן שְׁלַח וְאַיְתִינֵיהּ לְוָתִי אֲרֵי גְבַר חַיָב קְטוֹל הוּא:

The Targum of Samuel; trans. E. van Staalduine-Sulman. Leiden: Brill, 2002

For all the days that the son of Jesse lives upon the earth, neither you nor your kingdom shall be established. And now, send and bring him to me, for he is a man deserving to be killed.”

וְאָתֵיב יְהוֹנָתָן יַת שָׁאוּל אֲבוּהִי וַאֲמַר לֵיהּ לְמָה יִתְקְטֵיל מָה עֲבָד:

The Targum of Samuel; trans. E. van Staalduine-Sulman. Leiden: Brill, 2002

Then Jonathan answered Saul his father, “Why should he be killed? What has he done?”

וַאֲרֵים שָׁאוּל יַת מוּרְנִיתָא עֲלוֹהִי לְמִמְחֵיהּ וִידַע יְהוֹנָתָן אֲרֵי גְמִירָא הוּא מִן אֲבוּהִי לְמִקְטַל יַת דָוִד:

The Targum of Samuel; trans. E. van Staalduine-Sulman. Leiden: Brill, 2002

But Saul raised his spear against him to hit him, so Jonathan knew that it was decided by his father to kill David.

וְקַם יְהוֹנָתָן מֵעִם פְּתוֹרָא בִתְקֵיף רוּגְזָא וְלָא אֲכַל בְּיוֹם עִבּוּר יַרְחָא תִּנְיָנָא לַחְמָא אֲרֵי אִתְנְסִיס עַל דָוִד אֲרֵי אַכְלִימֵיהּ אֲבוּהִי:

The Targum of Samuel; trans. E. van Staalduine-Sulman. Leiden: Brill, 2002

And Jonathan rose from the table in fierce anger and ate no food on the second day of the intercalation of the new moon, for he was grieved for David, for his father had disgraced him.

וַהֲוָה בְצַפְרָא וּנְפַק יְהוֹנָתָן לְחַקְלָא לְזִמְנָא דַאֲמַר לֵיהּ דָוִד וְיַנִיק זְעִיר עִמֵיהּ:

The Targum of Samuel; trans. E. van Staalduine-Sulman. Leiden: Brill, 2002

In the morning Jonathan went out into the field to the appointment, which David had said him, and with him a little boy.

וַאֲמַר לְעוּלֵימֵיהּ רְהַט אַיְתָא כְעַן יַת גִירַיָא דַאֲנָא שְׁדִי וְעוּלֵמָא רְהַט וְהוּא שְׁדָא גִירָא לְאַעְבָּרוּתֵיהּ:

The Targum of Samuel; trans. E. van Staalduine-Sulman. Leiden: Brill, 2002

And he said to his young man, “Run and bring now the arrows which I am shooting.” As the young man ran, he shot the arrow beyond him.

וַאֲתָא עוּלֵימָא עַד אֲתַר גִירָא דִי שְׁדָא יְהוֹנָתָן וּקְרָא יְהוֹנָתָן בָּתַר עוּלֵימָא וַאֲמַר הֲלָא גִירָא מִנָךְ וּלְהָלָא:

The Targum of Samuel; trans. E. van Staalduine-Sulman. Leiden: Brill, 2002

And when the young man came at the place of the arrow which Jonathan had shot, Jonathan called after the young man and said, “Is not the arrow beyond you?”

וּקְרָא יְהוֹנָתָן בָּתַר עוּלֵימָא אוֹחִי בִּפְרִיעַ לָא תִתְעַכֵּב וּלְקֵיט עוּלֵימָא דִיהוֹנָתָן יַת גִירַיָא וַאֲתָא לְוַת רִבּוֹנֵיהּ:

The Targum of Samuel; trans. E. van Staalduine-Sulman. Leiden: Brill, 2002

And Jonathan called after the young man, “Hurry in haste, do not delay.” So Jonathan’s young man gathered up the arrows and came to his lord.

וְעוּלֵימָא לָא יְדַע מִדַעַם בְּרַם יְהוֹנָתָן וְדָוִד יַדְעִין יַת פִתְגָמָא:

The Targum of Samuel; trans. E. van Staalduine-Sulman. Leiden: Brill, 2002

But the young man knew nothing. Only Jonathan and David knew the matter.

וִיהַב יְהוֹנָתָן יַת זֵינֵיהּ לְעוּלֵימָא דִילֵיהּ וַאֲמַר לֵיהּ אֱזֵיל אוֹבִילֵיהּ לְקַרְתָּא:

The Targum of Samuel; trans. E. van Staalduine-Sulman. Leiden: Brill, 2002

And Jonathan gave his weapons to his young man, and said to him, “Go and carry them to the city.”

עוּלֵימָא אָתָא וְדָוִד קָם מִסְטַר אֶבֶן אָתָא דְלָקֳבֵיל דָרוֹמָא וּנְפַל עַל אַפּוֹהִי עַל אַרְעָא וּסְגִיד תְּלַת זִמְנִין וּנְשִׁיקוּ גְבַר יַת חַבְרֵיהּ וּבְכוּ גְבַר עִם חַבְרֵיהּ עַד דְדָוִד אַסְגִי:

The Targum of Samuel; trans. E. van Staalduine-Sulman. Leiden: Brill, 2002

And as soon as the young man had gone, David rose from beside the Stone of the Sign, which is facing South, and fell on his face to the ground and bowed three times. And they kissed one another and wept together, until David recovered himself.

וַאֲמַר יְהוֹנָתָן לְדָוִד אֱזֵיל לִשְׁלָם דְקַיֵמְנָא תַרְוֵינָא אֲנַחְנָא בִּשְׁמָא דַייָ לְמֵימַר מֵימְרָא דַייָ יְהֵי סָהִיד בֵּינָא וּבֵינָךְ וּבֵין בְּנַי וּבֵין בְּנָךְ עַד עָלְמָא:

The Targum of Samuel; trans. E. van Staalduine-Sulman. Leiden: Brill, 2002

Then Jonathan said to David, “Go in peace, forasmuch as we have sworn both of us in the name of the LORD, saying, ‘The speech of the LORD shall be witness between me and you, and between my sons and your sons, for ever.’”

Next →