Targum Jonathan on II Samuel Chapter 10
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וַהֲוָה בָּתַר כֵּן וּמִית מַלְכָּא דִבְנֵי עַמוֹן וּמְלַךְ חָנוּן בְּרֵיהּ תְּחוֹתוֹהִי:
After this the king of the sons of Ammon died, and Hanun his son reigned in his stead.
וַאֲמַר דָוִד אַעְבֵיד טֵיבוּ עִם חָנוּן בַּר נָחָשׁ כְּמָא דַעֲבֵד אֲבוּהִי עִמִי טִיבוּ וּשְׁלַח דָוִד לְנַחֲמוּתֵיהּ בִּידָא דְעַבְדוֹהִי לְוַת אֲבוּהִי וַאֲתוֹ עַבְדֵי דָוִד לְאַרְעָא בְּנֵי עַמוֹן:
And David said, “I will show goodness to Hanun the son of Nahash, as his father has shown goodness to me.” So David sent his servants to console him concerning his father. And David’s servants came into the land of the sons of Ammon.
וַאֲמַרוּ רַבְרְבֵי בְּנֵי עַמוֹן לְחָנוּן רִבּוֹנֵיהוֹן הַמְיַקֵר דָוִד יַת אֲבוּךְ בְּעֵינָךְ אֲרֵי שְׁלַח לָךְ מְנַחֲמִין הֲלָא בְּדִיל לְמֶחְקַר יַת קַרְתָּא וּלְאַלָלוּתָהּ וּלְבַדְקָהּ שְׁלַח דָוִד יַת עַבְדוֹהִי לְוָתָךְ:
But the commanders of the sons of Ammon said to their lord Hanun, “Is David honouring your father, do you think that he has sent comforters to you? Has not David sent his servants to you to spy out the land and to examine it and to evaluate it?”
וּנְסִיב חָנוּן יַת עַבְדֵי דָוִד וּגְדַע יַת פַלְגוּת דִקְנֵיהוֹן וּפְסִיק יַת לְבוּשֵׁיהוֹן עַד פַּלְגֵיהוֹן עַד אֲתַר בֵּית בְּהָתַתְהוֹן וְשַׁלְחִינוּן:
So Hanun took David’s servants, and shaved off half their beards, and cut off their clothes in the middle, at the site of their shame, and sent them away.
וְחַוִיאוּ לְדָוִד וּשְׁלַח לָקֳדָמוּתְהוֹן אֲרֵי הֲווֹ גַבְרַיָא מִתְכַּלְמִין לַחֲדָא וַאֲמַר מַלְכָּא תְּבוּ בִירֵיחוֹ עַד דְיִצְמַח דִקְנֵיכוֹן וּתְתוּבוּן:
When they told David, he sent to meet them, for the men were greatly ashamed. And the king said, “Remain at Jericho until your beards have grown, and then return.”
וַחֲזוֹ בְנֵי עַמוֹן אֲרֵי אִתְגָרִיאוּ בְדָוִד וּשְׁלַחוּ בְנֵי עַמוֹן וַאֲגָרוּ יַת אֲרַם בֵּית רְחוֹב וְיַת אֲרַם צוֹבָא עַסְרִין אַלְפִין גְבַר רִגְלֵי וְיַת מֶלֶךְ מַעֲכָה אֲלַף גְבַר וְאִישׁ טוֹב תְּרֵי עֲסַר אַלְפִין גַבְרָא:
When the sons of Ammon saw that they had provoked David, the sons of Ammon sent and hired Aram of the House of Rehob, and Aram of Zobah, twenty thousand foot soldiers, and the king of Maacah with thousand men, and Ish tob, twelve thousand men.
וּשְׁמַע דָוִד וּשְׁלַח יַת יוֹאָב וְיַת כָּל חֵילָא דְגִבָרַיָא:
When David heard of it, he sent Joab and all the army of the heroes.
וּנְפַקוּ בְּנֵי עַמוֹן וּסְדָרוּ קְרָבָא בְּמַעֲלָנָא דְתַרְעָא וַאֲרַם צוֹבָא וּרְחוֹב וְאִישׁ טוֹב וּמַעֲכָה בִּלְחוֹדֵיהוֹן בְּחַקְלָא:
And the sons of Ammon came out and drew up for battle at the entrance of the gate. And Aram of Zobah and of Rehob, and Ish tob and Maacah, were by themselves in the field.
וַחֲזָא יוֹאָב אֲרֵי תַקִיפוּ עֲלוֹהִי עַבְדֵי קְרָבָא מֵאֲפּוֹהִי וּמֵאֲחוֹרוֹהִי וּבְחַר מִכֹּל בְּחוּרֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְסַדַר לָקֳדָמוּת אֱנַשׁ אֲרָם:
When Joab saw that the wagers of war were strong against him, both in front and in the rear, he chose some of the chosen men of Israel, and drew them up against the men of Aram,
וְיַת שְׁאָר עַמָא יְהַב בְּיַד אַבְשַׁי אֲחוֹהִי וְסַדַר לָקֳדָמוּת בְּנֵי עַמוֹן:
the rest of the people he put in charge of Abishai his brother, and he drew them up against the sons of Ammon.
וַאֲמַר אִם תִּתְקַף אֱנַשׁ אֲרַם מִנִי וּתְהֵי לִי לְפָרִיק וְאִם בְּנֵי עַמוֹן יִתְקְפוּן מִנָךְ וְאֵיהַךְ לְמִפְרַק לָךְ:
And he said, “If Aram is too strong for me, then it is up to you to be a deliverer; but if the sons of Ammon are too strong for you, then I will come and deliver you.
תְּקֵף וְנִתְקַף עַל עַמָנָא וְעַל קִירְוֵי אֱלָהָנָא וַיָי יַעְבֵּד דְתַקֵן קֳדָמוֹהִי:
Be strong and use your strength for our people and for the cities of our God. And the LORD will do what seems right before Him.”
וּקְרֵיב יוֹאָב וְעַמָא דִי עִמֵיהּ לְאַגָחָא קְרָבָא בֶּאֱנַשׁ אֲרָם וְאַפִּיכוּ מִן קֳדָמוֹהִי:
So Joab and the people who were with him drew near to wage war with the men of Aram; and they retreated before him.
וּבְנֵי עַמוֹן חֲזוֹ אֲרֵי אַפָכוּ אֱנַשׁ אֲרָם וַעֲרָקוּ מִן קֳדָם אֲבִישַׁי וַאֲתוֹ לְקַרְתָּא וְתַב יוֹאָב מִלְוַת בְנֵי עַמוֹן וַאֲתָא לִירוּשְׁלֵם:
And when the sons of Ammon saw that the men of Aram retreated, they fled before Abishai, and entered the city. Then Joab returned from the sons of Ammon and came to Jerusalem.
וַחֲזוֹ אֱנַשׁ אֲרָם אֲרֵי אִתְבָּרוּ קֳדָם יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאִתְכְּנִישׁוּ כַּחֲדָא:
But when the men of Aram saw that they had been shattered before Israel, they gathered themselves together.
וּשְׁלַח הֲדַדְעֶזֶר וְאַפֵּיק יַת אֱנַשׁ אֲרָם דְמֵעִבַּר פְּרָת וַאֲתוֹ לְחֵילָם וְשׁוֹבַךְ רַב חֵילָא דְהֲדַדְעֶזֶר קֳדָמֵיהוֹן:
And Hadadezer sent, and brought out the men of Aram who were beyond the Euphrates. And they came to Helam, with Shobach the commander of the army of Hadadezer before them.
וְאִיתְחַוָא לְדָוִד וּכְנַשׁ יַת כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל וַעֲבַר יַת יַרְדְנָא וַאֲתוֹ לְחֵלָם וְסַדָרוּ אֱנַשׁ אֲרָם לְקֳדָמוּת דָוִד וְאַגִיחוּ קְרָבָא עִמֵיהּ:
And when it was told David, he gathered all Israel together, and crossed the Jordan, and came to Helam. And the men of Aram drew up against David and waged war with him.
וְאַפָּכוּ אֱנַשׁ אֲרָם מִן קֳדָם יִשְׂרָאֵל וּקְטַל דָוִד מֵאֲרָם שְׁבַע מְאָה רְתִיכִין וְאַרְבְּעִין אַלְפִין פָּרָשִׁין וְיַת שׁוֹבָךְ רַב חֵילֵיהּ מְחוֹ וּמִית תַּמָן:
And the men of Aram retreated before Israel; and David killed of Aram seven hundred chariots and forty thousand horsemen, and struck down Shobach the commander of their army, so that he died there.
וַחֲזוֹ כָל מַלְכַיָא עַבְדֵי הֲדַדְעֶזֶר אֲרֵי אִתְבָּרוּ קֳדָם יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאַשְׁלִימוּ עִם יִשְׂרָאֵל וּפַלְחוּנוּן וּדְחִילוּ אֱנַשׁ אֲרָם לְמִפְרַק עוֹד יַת בְּנֵי עַמוֹן:
And when all the kings who were servants of Hadadezer saw that they had been shattered before Israel, they made peace with Israel, and became subject to them. So the men of Aram feared to save the sons of Ammon any more.