Targum Jonathan on II Samuel Chapter 3
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וַהֲוָת קְרָבָא תְּקוֹף בֵּין בֵּית שָׁאוּל וּבֵין בֵּית דָוִד וּבֵית דָוִד אָזְלִין וְתַקִיפִין וּבֵית שָׁאוּל אָזְלִין וּמַאֲכִין:
And the war was strong between the House of Saul and the House of David. And the House of David grew stronger, while the House of Saul became weaker.
וְאִתְיְלִידוּ לְדָוִד בְּנִין בְּחֶבְרוֹן וַהֲוָה בוּכְרֵיהּ אַמְנוֹן לַאֲחִינוֹעַם דְמִיִזְרְעֶאל:
And sons were born to David at Hebron: the first born was Amnon, of Ahinoam who was from Jezreel;
וְתִנְיָנֵיהּ כִלְאָב לַאֲבִיגַיִל אִתַּת נָבָל דְמִכַּרְמְלָא וּתְלִיתָאָה אַבְשָׁלוֹם בַּר מַעֲכָה בַּת תַּלְמַי מַלְכָּא דִגְשׁוּר:
and his second Chileab, of Abigail the widow of Nabal who was from Carmel; and the third Absalom the son of Maacah the daughter of Talmai king of Geshur;
וּרְבִיעָאָה אֲדוֹנִיָה בַּר חַגִית וַחֲמִישָׁאָה שְׁפַטְיָה בַּר אֲבִיטָל:
and the fourth Adonijah the son of Haggith; and the fifth Shephatiah the son of Abital;
וּשְׁתִיתָאָה יִתְרְעָם לְעֶגְלָה אִתַּת דָוִד אִלֵין אִתְיְלִידוּ לְדָוִד בְּחֶבְרוֹן:
and the sixth Ithream, of Eglah, David’s wife. These were born to David at Hebron.
וַהֲוָה כַּד הֲוָת קְרָבָא בֵּין בֵּית שָׁאוּל וּבֵין בֵּית דָוִד וְאַבְנֵר הֲוָה מַתְקֵף בְּבֵית שָׁאוּל:
While there was war between the House of Saul and the House of David, Abner was making himself strong in the House of Saul.
וּלְשָׁאוּל לְחֵינָתָא וּשְׁמָה רִצְפָּה בַּת אַיָה וַאֲמַר לְאַבְנֵר מָה דֵין עַלְתָּא לְוַת לְחֵינָתָא דְאַבָּא:
Now Saul had had a concubine, whose name was Rizpah, the daughter of Aiah. And he said to Abner, “Why have you gone in to my father’s concubine?”
וּתְקֵיף לְאַבְנֵר לַחֲדָא עַל פִּתְגָמֵי אִישׁ בֹּשֶׁת וַאֲמַר הֲלָא רֵישָׁא דְכַלְבָּא אֲנָא מִכְּעַן הֲוֵיתִי גְבַר הֶדְיוֹט לִשְׁאָרָא דְבֵית יְהוּדָה יוֹמָא דֵין אַעְבֵּיד טִיבוּ עִם בֵּית שָׁאוּל אֲבוּךְ עִם אֲחוֹהִי וְעִם רַחֲמוֹהִי וְלָא מְסַרְתִּיךְ בִּידָא דְדָוִד וּמִכְּעַן אַתְּ מַסְעַר עָלַי חוֹב אִתְּתָא יוֹמָא דֵין:
Then Abner was very angry over the words of Ish bosheth, and said, “Am I not the head? Consequently I became a common man for the rest of the House of Judah. Today I keep showing goodness to the House of Saul your father, with his brothers and with his friends and I did not surrender you into the hand of David. And yet you charge me today with guilt concerning a woman.
כְּדֵין יַעְבֵּד יְיָ לְאַבְנֵר וּכְדֵין יוֹסֵיף לֵיהּ אֲרֵי כְּמָא דְקַיֵם יְיָ לְדָוִד אֲרֵי כְדֵין אַעְבֵּיד לֵיהּ:
The LORD do so to Abner, and more also, if I do not accomplish for David what the LORD has sworn to him,
לְאַעְבָּרָא מַלְכוּ מִבֵּית שָׁאוּל וְלַאֲקָמָא יַת כּוּרְסֵי דָוִד עַל יִשְׂרָאֵל וְעַל דְבֵית יְהוּדָה מִדָן וְעַד בְּאֵר שָׁבַע:
to transfer the kingdom from the House of Saul, and set up the throne of David over Israel and Judah, from Dan to Beer sheba.”
וְלָא יָכִיל עוֹד לַאֲתָבָא יַת אַבְנֵר פִּתְגָמָא מִדְדָחֵל יָתֵיהּ:
And Ish bosheth could not answer Abner another word, because he feared him.
וּשְׁלַח אַבְנֵר אִזְגַדִין לְוַת דָוִד מֵאַתְרֵיהּ לְמֵימָר מְקַיְמָנָא בְּמַן דַעֲבַד אַרְעָא לְמֵימַר גְזַר קַיָמָךְ עִמִי וְהָא יְדִי עִמָךְ לְאַסְחָרָא לְוָתָךְ יַת כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל:
And Abner sent messengers to David from his place, saying, “I am swearing by the One who made the earth, saying, Make your covenant with me, and behold, my hand shall be with you to bring over all Israel to you.”
וַאֲמַר טַב אֲנָא אֶגְזַר עִמָךְ קְיָם בְּרַם פִּתְגָמָא חָד אֲנָא שָׁאֵיל מֵעִמָךְ לְמֵימָר לָא תֶחֱזֵי יַת אַפֵּי אֱלָהֵין קֳדָם מֵתָיוּתָךְ יַת מִיכַל בַּת שָׁאוּל בְּמֵיתָךְ לְאִתְחֲזָאָה קֳדָמַי:
And he said, “Good. I will make a covenant with you, but one thing I require of you, that is to say, you shall not see my face, unless you first bring Michal, Saul’s daughter, when you come to show yourself before me.
וּשְׁלַח דָוִד אִזְגַדִין לְוַת אִישׁ בֹּשֶׁת בַּר שָׁאוּל לְמֵימָר הַב יַת אִתְּתִי יַת מִיכַל דְאָרָסִית לִי בִּמְאָה עָרְלוֹת פְּלִשְׁתָּאֵי:
Then David sent messengers to Ish bosheth Saul’s son, saying, “Give me my wife Michal, whom I betrothed for a hundred foreskins of the Philistines.”
וּשְׁלַח אִישׁ בֹּשֶׁת וְדַבְּרָהּ מִלְוַת בַעֲלָהּ מִלְוַת פַּלְטִיאֵל בַּר לָיִשׁ:
And Ish bosheth sent and led her away from her husband, from Paltiel the son of Laish.
וַאֲזַל עִמָה בַּעֲלָהּ אָזֵיל וּבְכִי בַּתְרָאָה עַד עַלְמֻת וַאֲמַר לֵיהּ אַבְנֵר אֱזֵיל תּוּב וְתָב:
But her husband went with her, weeping after her all the way to Almath. Then Abner said to him, “Go, return.” And he returned.
וּפִתְגָם אַבְנֵר הֲוָה עִם סָבֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לְמֵימָר אַף תְּמָלֵי אַף מִדְקָמוֹהִי הֲוֵיתוּן בָּעָן יַת דָוִד לְמֶהֱוֵי מַלְכָּא עֲלֵיכוֹן:
And the word of Abner was with the elders of Israel, saying, “For some time past you have been seeking David to be king over you.
וּכְעַן עֲבִידוּ אֲרֵי יְיָ אֲמַר לְדָוִד לְמֵימַר בְּיַד דָוִד עַבְדִי אֶפְרוֹק יַת עַמִי יִשְׂרָאֵל מִידָא דִפְלִשְׁתָּאֵי וּמִיַד כָּל בַּעֲלֵי דְבָבֵיהוֹן:
Now then, act! For the LORD has said to David, saying, ‘By the hand of my servant David I will save my people Israel from the hand of the Philistines and from the hand of all their enemies.’”
וּמַלֵיל אַף אַבְנֵר קֳדָם דְבֵית בִּנְיָמִן וַאֲזַל אַף אַבְנֵר לְמַלָלָא קֳדָם דָוִד בְּחֶבְרוֹן יַת כָּל דְתַקֵן בְּעֵינֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וּבְעֵינֵי כָּל דְבֵית בִּנְיָמִן:
Abner also spoke before those of the House of Benjamin. And then Abner went to speak before David at Hebron all that was deemed right in the sight of Israel and in the sight of all those of the House of Benjamin.
וַאֲתָא אַבְנֵר לְוַת דָוִד לְחֶבְרוֹן וְעִמֵיהּ עַסְרִין גַבְרַיָא וַעֲבַד דָוִד לְאַבְנֵר וּלְגַבְרַיָא דְעִמֵיהּ מִשְׁתַּיָא:
When Abner came with twenty men to David at Hebron, David made a feast for Abner and the men who were with him.
וַאֲמַר אַבְנֵר לְדָוִד אֵיקוּם וְאֵיזַל וְאֶכְנוֹשׁ לְוַת רִבּוֹנִי מַלְכָּא יַת כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל וְיִגְזְרוּן עִמָךְ קְיָם וְתִמְלוֹךְ בְּכָל דְרַעֲוָא נַפְשָׁךְ וּשְׁלַח דָוִד יַת אַבְנֵר וַאֲזַל בִּשְׁלָם:
And Abner said to David, “I will arise and go, and I will gather all Israel to my lord the king, that they may make a covenant with you, and that you may reign over all that your soul desires.” So David sent Abner and he went in peace.
וְהָא עַבְדֵי דָוִד וְיוֹאָב אֲתָא מִן מַשְׁרִיתָא וַעֲדָאָה סַגִיאָה עִמְהוֹן אַיְתִיאוּ וְאַבְנֵר לֵיתוֹהִי עִם דָוִד בְּחֶבְרוֹן אֲרֵי שַׁלְחֵיהּ וַאֲזַל בִּשְׁלָם:
Just then the servants of David and Joab arrived from the camp, bringing a great booty with them. But Abner was not with David at Hebron, for he had sent him away and he had gone in peace.
וְיוֹאָב וְכָל חֵילָא דְעִמֵיהּ אֲתוֹ וְחַוִיאוּ לְיוֹאָב לְמֵימַר אָתָא אַבְנֵר בַּר נֵר לְוַת מַלְכָּא וְשַׁלְחֵיהּ וַאֲזַל בִּשְׁלָם:
When Joab and all the army that was with him came, it was told to Joab, “Abner the son of Ner came to the king, and he has sent him and he has gone in peace.”
וַאֲתָא יוֹאָב לְוַת מַלְכָּא וַאֲמַר מָה עֲבַדְתָּא הָא אָתָא אַבְנֵר לְוָתָךְ לְמָא דְנַן שְׁלַחְתֵּיהּ וַאֲזַל מֵיזַל:
Then Joab went to the king and said, “What have you done? Behold, Abner came to you. Why is it that you have sent him, so that he just walked away?
יְדַעְתָּא יַת אַבְנֵר בַּר נֵר אֲרֵי לְאַטְעֲיוּתָךְ אֲתָא וּלְמִידַע יַת מִיפְקָךְ וְיַת מֵיעָלָךְ וּלְמֵידַע יַת כָּל דְאַתְּ עֲבֵיד:
You know Abner the son of Ner, that he only came to deceive you, and to know your going out and your coming in, and to know all that you are doing.”
וּנְפַק יוֹאָב מִן קֳדָם דָוִד וּשְׁלַח אִזְגַדִין בָּתַר אַבְנֵר וַאֲתִיבוּ יָתֵיהּ מִגוּבָא דְסִירָתָא וְדָוִד לָא יְדָע:
When Joab came out from David’s presence, he sent messengers after Abner, and they brought him back from the cistern of Sirah. But David did not know about it.
וְתַב אַבְנֵר לְחֶבְרוֹן וְאַפְנֵיהּ יוֹאָב לְגוֹ תַרְעָא לְמַלָלָא עִמֵיהּ בְּשֵׁלַיָא וּמְחָהִי תַמָן בִּסְטַר יַרְכֵיהּ וּמִית בִּדְמָא דַעֲשָׂהאֵל אֲחוּהִי:
And when Abner returned to Hebron, Joab took him aside into the midst of the gate to speak with him privately, and there he struck him down in the place of his loins, so that he died, for the blood of Asahel his brother.
וּשְׁמַע דָוִד מִבָּתַר כֵּן וַאֲמַר זַכַּאי אֲנָא וּמַלְכוּתִי מִן קֳדָם יְיָ עַד עַלְמָא מִדְמָא דְאַבְנֵר בַּר נֵר:
When David heard of it afterward, he said, “I and my kingdom are for ever innocent before the LORD for the blood of Abner the son of Ner.
יְחוּלוּן עַל רֵישׁ דְיוֹאָב וְאֶל כָּל בֵּית אֲבוּהִי וְלָא יִפְסוֹק מִבֵּית יוֹאָב דְאֵיב וּסְגִיר וּמַתְקִיף בַּאֲגַד וּמִתְקְטֵיל בְּחַרְבָּא וַחֲסִיר מָזוֹן:
May it fall upon the head of Joab, and upon all his father’s house. And may the house of Joab never be without one who is flowing, or one with a skin disease, or one who seizes wages, or one who is killed by the sword, or one who is lacking food.
וְיוֹאָב וַאֲבִישַׁי אֲחוּהִי קְטָלוּ לְאַבְנֵר עַל דְקָטַל יַת עֲשָׂהאֵל אֲחוּהוֹן בְּגִבְעוֹן בִּקְרָבָא:
So Joab and Abishai his brother killed Abner, because he had killed their brother Asahel in the battle at Gibeon.
וַאֲמַר דָוִד לְיוֹאָב וּלְכָל עַמָא דְעִמֵיהּ בְּזָעוּ לְבוּשֵׁיכוֹן וַאֲסָרוּ סַקִין וְסַפְדוּ קֳדָם אַבְנֵר וּמַלְכָּא דָוִד אָזֵיל בָּתַר עַרְסָא:
Then David said to Joab and to all the people who were with him, “Rend your clothes, and gird on sackcloth, and mourn in front of Abner.” And King David was going after the bier.
וּקְבַרוּ יַת אַבְנֵר בְּחֶבְרוֹן וַאֲרֵים מַלְכָּא יַת קָלֵיהּ וּבְכָא עַל קִבְרָא דְאַבְנֵר וּבְכוֹ כָּל עַמָא:
They buried Abner at Hebron; and the king lifted up his voice and wept at the grave of Abner, and all the people wept.
וַאֲלָא מַלְכָּא עַל אַבְנֵר וַאֲמַר הַכְּמֵימַת רְשִׁיעִין יְמוּת אַבְנֵר:
And the king lamented for Abner and said, “Should Abner die as the wicked die?
יְדָךְ לָא אֲסִירָן וְרַגְלָךְ לָא לְזִיקִין דִנְחַשׁ אִתְקְרָבוּ כְּמֵפַל קֳדָם גַבְרִין רַשִׁיעִין נְפַלְתָּא וְאוֹסִיפוּ כָל עַמָא לְמִבְכֵּי עֲלוֹהִי:
Your hands were not bound, your feet not drawn near to bronze fetters. As one falls before the wicked men, you have fallen.” And all the people wept again over him.
וַאֲתָא כָל עַמָא לְאוֹכָלָא יַת דָוִד לַחֲמָא עַד דְיוֹמָא קַיָם וְקַיֵם דָוִד לְמֵימַר כְּדֵין יַעְבֵּיד לִי יְיָ וּכְדֵין יוֹסִיף אֱלָהֵין קֳדָם מֵיעַל שִׁמְשָׁא אֶטְעוֹם לַחְמָא אוֹ כָּל מִדָעַם:
Then all the people came to make David eat bread, while the day lasted, but David swore, saying, “The LORD do so to me and more also, if I taste bread or anything else till the sun goes down.”
וְכָל עַמָא אִשְׁתְּמוֹדָעוּ וּשְׁפַר בְּעֵינֵיהוֹן כְּכָל דַעֲבַד מַלְכָּא בְּעֵינֵי כָּל עַמָא טָב:
And all the people took notice of it, and it was pleasing in their sight, as everything that the king did was good in the sight of all the people.
וִידָעוּ כָּל עַמָא וְכָל יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּיוֹמָא הַהוּא אֲרֵי לָא הֲוַת בַּעֲצַת מַלְכָּא לְמִקְטַל יַת אַבְנֵר בַּר נֵר:
So all the people and all Israel knew that day that it had not been in the king’s plan to kill Abner the son of Ner.
וַאֲמַר מַלְכָּא לְעַבְדוֹהִי הֲלָא תֵדְעוּן אֲרֵי רַב וְשַׁלִיט נְפַל יוֹמָא הָדֵין בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל:
And the king said to his servants, “Do you not know that a commander and a ruler has fallen today in Israel?
וַאֲנָא יוֹמָא דֵין הֶדְיוֹט וּמְרַבֵּי לְמַלְכָּא וְגַבְרַיָא הָאִלֵין בְּנֵי צְרוּיָה קָשָׁן מִנִי יְשַׁלֵם יְיָ לְעַבְדֵי בִּישְׁתָא כְּבִישְׁתֵיהּ:
And I am this day a common man, though elevated to be king. These men, the sons of Zeruiah, are too hard for me. May the LORD requite the evildoers according to his wickedness.