The donkey-drivers (i.e., merchants) and the homeowners* that are traveling from town to town -- they may eat and are exempt [from tithes] until they arrive at the same place*. [Therefore,] if the homeowner singles out a house that is before them, if they sleep there they are liable, and if not they are exempt from tithing.

It so happened that Rabbi Yehoshua was travelling to the home of Rabbi Yochanan ben Zakki in Beror Chayil, and the townsfolk brought [Demai] figs to them. They said to him (not "he said," see Lieberman), "Must we tithe these?" He said to them, "If we sleep [here], we are liable to tithe, and if not, we are exempt from tithing." § [Returning to the discussion in the previous section,] once they (i.e., the donkey-driver and the homeowner) arrive at their [designated] sleeping place, even [if it is] two hours [away], they need to tithe [at that point]. Rabbi Meir says, [if] they arrived at the place [that they intended] to spend the Sabbath (Maasr. 2:3), even [if it takes them until] the second day [to arrive], they are exempt from tithing [until that point].

One who separates Terumah from dried figs and intends to press them [into fig cakes] -- Rabbi Eliezer says, he may not eat from them casually, and the Sages say, he may eat from them casually. Rabbi Eliezer concedes to the Sages that [with respect to] one who separates Terumah from ears of corn and intends to process them [afterwards], [or from] grapes and intends to make them into wine, that he may eat from them casually, and the Sages concede to Rabbi Eliezer that [with respect to] a basket of Terumah that has not yet finished its work, that he may not eat from it casually (see Maasr. 2:4). And Rabbi Shimon permits it from a kal v'chomer: Since at a time when one has three obligations (i.e., Terumah, first tithe and second tithe) he may eat from [such produce] casually, therefore at a time when he has only the two tithes, is it not logical that he would be able to eat from it casually [as well]?

One who buys dried figs with the intention of pressing them [into fig cakes], [or] dates with the intention of making them into honey -- Rabbi Meir says, he may not eat from them casually or tithe them as Demai, and the Sages say, he may eat from the casually and tithe them as Demai. Rabbi Meir concedes to the Sages that one who takes ears of corn with the intention of processing them, [or] grapes with the intention of making wine from them, [or] olives with the intention of making oil from them, he may eat from them casually, and the Sages concede to Rabbi Meir that with [respect to] fruits, which do not need to 'finish their work' [to become liable for tithes (see Maasr. 2:4)], that he should not eat from them casually.

One who harvests his vineyard to [sell to] the market, if he does not find a market (i.e., a buyer) for them, he may return them to the winepress, [or one who harvests his] olive trees to [sell to] the market, if he did not find a market for them, he may return them to the olive press -- he may eat from them casually [until they enter the winepress or olive press] and tithe them as certainly untithed produce.

[If the owner of a field] said to him, "Go out and gather figs for yourself from the fig tree," he may eat casually from them and tithe them as certainly untithed produce. [If he] said to him, "Go out and fill yourself up this basket," he may eat from them casually and tithe them as Demai. In what case does this apply? With [a field belonging to] an am ha'aretz, but with [the field of] a chaver, he may eat and there is no need to tithe, the words of Rebbi. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says, In what case does this apply? With [the field of] an am ha'aretz, but with [the field of] a chaver, he should not eat until he has tithed, since chaverim are not be suspected of taking Terumah [on behalf of other produce] that is not in close by (and thus we can be certain that the chaver-owner would not have already tithed these figs (see Ter. 4:3)). Said Rebbi (not "Rabbi Yehuda"), my words are preferable to the words of Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel. It is better that chaverim will take Terumah [from produce] that is not close by and not feed untithed produce to amei ha'aretz.

[If the owner of a field] said to him, "Go out and gather figs for me from that fig tree," he (the gatherer) may eat [casually] and need not be concerned about being subject to the laws of stealing. [If he said to him,] "Go out and fill this basket up for me," behold he should be concerned about being subject to the laws of stealing. In either case, he may remove Terumah and tithes from [the basket] on behalf of the field owner's [produce], and he need not be concerned.

[If the owner of a field] said to him, "Go out and gather for yourself twenty figs from within my [field], and I will fill my belly [with figs] from your [field]," the one who gathers by quantity is liable, and the one who "fills his belly" is exempt. Rabbi Eliezer bar Rabbi Tzadok (alt., "bar Rabbi Shimon," MSS Erfurt) says, one who has three figs inside his mouth at the same time is exempt [from tithes], but four -- behold -- he is liable. [If the owner] said to him, "Go out and collect for yourself a big basket," that means [a basket of] no less than a seah; "a medium [basket]," that means no less than a tarkav (three kavs, see Jastrow), "a small [basket]," that means no less than two kavs.

One who brings in figs from the field to eat them in a courtyard that is exempt from tithes (see Maasr. 3:5) -- [if] he forgot [to eat them in the courtyard] and he [instead] brought them inside his house, he may take them back out to the courtyard and eat casually from them.

One who brings in figs from the field to eat them in a courtyard that is exempt from tithes -- [if] he forgot and took them up to the top of the roof, even [if it is the roof] inside his house, he may eat from them casually. One who brings in figs from the field to them on top of his roof - [if] he forgot and brought them into his friend's courtyard -- he may not eat them until he has tithed. Rabbi Yosei bar Rabbi Yehuda says, he may take them on top of the roof and eat them [casually].

One who brought his workers out to the field -- he does not have the right to feed them unless he has [already] tithed, and they do not have the right to eat unless they have tithed (cf. Maasr. 3:2 "they may eat and be exempt"). But if the homeowner brought them out [to the field] and placed a generous amount [of food] in front of them, they do not need to tithe.

One who says to his fried, "Take this issur and buy me five figs with it" -- he may eat them one by one and be exempt, but if he combines them together [to eat them], he is liable (Maasr. 2:5). If the homeowner took out food and gave it to him, there is no need to tithe, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yehuda says, either way, if he eats [the food] one by one he is exempt, but if he combines it, he is liable.

One who takes dried figs out of the storage room may not eat until he has tithed, the words of Rabbi Meir. Said Rabbi Yehuda, To what case does this apply? To one who gathers [the figs] from inside his own [storage room], but one who gathers from inside his friend's [storage room] may eat and there is no need to tithe.

Workers who were weeding or hoeing in the field may not eat from the olive tree or from the fig tree unless the homeowner gave them permission. Therefore, if the homeowner gave them permission, they may eat [the olives and figs] and [even] gather them together and they are exempt. To what case does this apply? When their meals are not included [in their wage], but if their meals are included [in their wage], they may eat and they are exempt, but if they gathered them together, they are liable.

Workers that were hoeing among the fig trees or picking dates or harvesting olives -- they may eat and are exempt, since the Torah gave them permission (see Deut. 23:25-26). [But] they may not dip [the figs or olives] in salt and eat unless the homeowner gave them permission, and they may not eat them with bread unless the the homeowner gave them permission.

One who pays the worker to weed out onions (Maasr. 3:3) -- he (i.e., the worker) may pluck them leaf by leaf and eat them [without tithing]. He may not grab the stalk in his hand and eat it; rather, he plucks [the leaves] while it is attached to the ground and eats.

Workers that were pulling out onions or tying up onions -- they may eat [from the onions] and they are exempt, since the Torah gave them permission.

One who found sheaves in a private domain -- they are forbidden under the laws of theft and they are liable in tithes. In a public domain -- they are permitted under the laws of theft and exempt from tithes. And the alum plants -- whether in a private domain or in a public domain -- are forbidden under the laws of theft and liable in tithes.

[A worker who] found produce that had been stacked (see Peah 1:6), he is forbidden from [removing some of it and] making it into a pile [of his own] under the laws of theft. [But if he found] scattered [produce], that is permitted under the laws of theft. In either case, he may separate Terumah and tithes on behalf of produce belonging to the homeowner and need not be concerned. [If] he found a harvesting basket, it is forbidden [to take produce out of the basket] under the laws of theft, and it is liable in tithes. How does he do it? He converts it to its monetary value [and eats it]. (See Y. Maasr. III.1.10.)

[If] he found cut [figs] on the road, he may not cut [?] them and walk [and eat] them, because most people are suspected on such matters. [If] he had a stack of onion or dried figs or of carobs on top of his roof, he may sort them and eat, [or] sort them and leave them on the table, [or] sort them and throw them down before his livestock. Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar says, livestock may not eat casually in a courtyard and everyone that brings them from the field into town may not feed them casually, because at the end of it he cannot return the leftover portion (see Maasr. 3:4)

Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar says in the name of Rabbi Akiva, any [courtyard] that one opens and another closes, such as two joined [courtyards] with two [different] occupants, the roofs are exempt, even if they are [located] within a courtyard that is liable. (Maasr. 3:5.) [In such a case,] they may ascend to the top of the roof and eat.

A synagogue or a house of study -- if it has living quarters within it, one may not eat within them casually, and if not (i.e., if it has no living quarters), he may eat within them casually. The אוריות and the storehouses that are in the field, they are made to bring [food inside, and thus] one may eat in them casually. [However,] one may not eat casually inside living quarters. Rabbi Nechemiah says, a regularly hoed courtyard* is like a [vegetable] garden and one may eat there casually.

A potter's hut -- others says in the name of Rabbi Nathan -- their insides are liable [for tithes] and their outsides are exempt (Maasr. 3:7). A fig tree that stands in a garden and hangs into a courtyard (following GR"A, see Maasr. 3:10) -- one may eat [its fruit] in his normal way and is exempt. [If] he gathers [the fruit] and places it on his table -- even one -- he is liable.

A tree that part of it is planted in the Land [of Israel] and part of it is planted outside of the Land, since part of it is planted inside the Land, it is [treated] as though all of is planted in the Land, the words of Rebbi. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says, the side* planted in the Land of Israel -- behold, it[s produce] is [treated] like [produce grown in] the Land of Israel; and the side planted outside the Land -- behold, it[s produce] is [treated] like [produce grown] outside of the Land.