Text

Bartenura on Mishnah Horayot Chapter 3

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כֹּהֵן מָשִׁיחַ שֶׁחָטָא וְאַחַר כָּךְ עָבַר מִמְּשִׁיחוּתוֹ. וְלֹא הִסְפִּיק לְהָבִיא קָרְבָּנוֹ עַד שֶׁעָבַר מִכְּהֻנָּתוֹ:

Sefaria Community Translation

If an anointed priest transgressed and afterwards relinquished his priesthood - And he was unable to bring his offering until after he had already relinquished his priesthood.

כֹּהֵן מָשִׁיחַ מֵבִיא פַר. וַאֲפִלּוּ עָבַר לְאַחַר שֶׁהֶעֱבִירוּהוּ מִמְּשִׁיחוּתוֹ, אָמְרִינַן לְקַמָּן בְּמַתְנִיתִין דְּמֵבִיא פָּר. וְלֹא נָקַט לֵיהּ אֶלָּא מִשּׁוּם דְּאִצְטְרִיךְ לְמִתְנֵי דְנָשִׂיא מֵבִיא שָׂעִיר כְּשֶׁחָטָא קֹדֶם שֶׁהֶעֱבִירוּהוּ, תָּנֵי נַמִּי בְּכֹהֵן מָשִׁיחַ מֵבִיא פָּר.

Sefaria Community Translation

The anointed priest brings a bull offering - And even if he transgressed after he relinquished his priesthood, we say later on in our Mishna that he brings a bull offering. We only mention [the offering of an anointed priest] because we needed to teach that a ruler brings a he-goat when he transgresses before he relinquishes [his rulership], therefore we also teach [/mention] that an anointed priest brings a bull offering.

וְנָשִׂיא מֵבִיא שָׂעִיר. דִּכְתִיב (ויקרא ד) עַל חַטָּאתוֹ אֲשֶׁר חָטָא, מְלַמֵּד שֶׁמֵּבִיא חַטָּאת כְּמוֹ שֶׁהָיָה חַיָּב בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁחָטָא:

Sefaria Community Translation

And the ruler brings a he-goat. As it says (Leviticus 4:3) "for the sin that he transgressed," which teaches us that he brings a sin offering in accordance with his obligation at the time of his sin.

כֹּהֵן מָשִׁיחַ שֶׁעָבַר מִמְּשִׁיחוּתוֹ וְכוּ'. אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינוֹ עוֹבֵד, בִּקְדֻשָּׁתוֹ הוּא עוֹמֵד. שֶׁאֵין בֵּין כֹּהֵן הָעוֹבֵד לְכֹהֵן שֶׁעָבַר, אֶלָּא עֲבוֹדָה וּפַר יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים וַעֲשִׂירִית הָאֵיפָה שֶׁמַּקְרִיב בְּכָל יוֹם כְּדִלְקַמָּן. אֲבָל נָשִׂיא כֵּיוָן שֶׁהֶעֱבִירוּהוּ הֲרֵי הוּא כְּהֶדְיוֹט:

Sefaria Community Translation

כהן משיח שעבר ממשיחותו וכו' – even though he does not perform [the Divine Service], he still remains in his holiness, for there is no difference between a Kohen who serves and a Kohen who has passed from service, other than the Divine Service and the bullock of Yom Kippur and one-tenth of an ephah that he offers on each day, as is mentioned further on (see Mishnah Horayot, Chapter 3, Mishnah 4; see also Mishnah Megillah, Chapter 1, the end of Mishnah 9).

הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ כְהֶדְיוֹט. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בַּנָּשִׂיא (שם) אֲשֶׁר נָשִׂיא יֶחֱטָא, שֶׁחָטָא כְּשֶׁהוּא נָשִׂיא. וְכֵן בַּכֹּהֵן הַמָּשִׁיחַ נֶאֱמַר וְאִם הַכֹּהֵן הַמָּשִׁיחַ יֶחֱטָא (שם), שֶׁחָטָא כְּשֶׁהוּא מָשִׁיחַ:

Sefaria Community Translation

הרי אלו כהדיוט – as it states concerning the ruler (Leviticus 4:22): “In case it is a chieftain who incurs guilt [by doing unwittingly any of the things which by the commandment of the LORD his God ought not to be done, and he realizes his guilt],” that he sinned while he was the ruler. And similarly, regarding the anointed priest, it is stated there (Leviticus 4:3): “If it is the anointed priest who has incurred guilt, [so that blame falls upon the people…,” that he sinned while he was the anointed priest.

הַמְרֻבֶּה בִבְגָדִים. לְאַחַר שֶׁנִּגְנְזָה צְלוֹחִית שֶׁל שֶׁמֶן הַמִּשְׁחָה הָיָה כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל נִכְנָס לִכְהֻנָּה גְּדוֹלָה בִּלְבִישַׁת שְׁמֹנָה בְּגָדִים, כְּדִכְתִיב (שם כא) וּמִלֵּא אֶת יָדוֹ לִלְבֹּשׁ אֶת הַבְּגָדִים:

Sefaria Community Translation

המרובה בגדים – for after the flask of anointing oil was hidden away the Kohen Gadol would enter the High Priesthood through the wearing of eight [sets of] clothing, as it is written (Leviticus 21:10): “…and who has been ordained to wear the vestments…”

אֶלָּא פַר הַבָּא עַל כָּל הַמִּצְוֹת. שֶׁאֵין מְרֻבֶּה בִּבְגָדִים מֵבִיא פָּר עַל שִׁגְגָתוֹ, דְּכֹהֵן הַמָּשִׁיחַ כְּתִיב:

Sefaria Community Translation

אלא פר הבא על כל המצות – the [High Priest] who wears the many dedicated garments does not bring a bullock on his inadvertent sin, as it is written (Leviticus 4:3,5): “the anointed priest.

בַּעֲבוֹדַת יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים. שֶׁאֵין עֲבוֹדַת אוֹתוֹ הַיּוֹם כְּשֵׁרָה אֶלָּא בְּכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל בִּלְבַד, וְכֹהֵן הַמְשַׁמֵּשׁ וְכֹהֵן שֶׁעָבַר שָׁוִין בָּהּ:

Sefaria Community Translation

בעבודת יום הכפורים – for the Divine service of that day is not fit other than through the High Priest alone. But the presently serving Kohen and one who served in the past are equivalent concerning these things.

וְלֹא פוֹרְעִין וְלֹא פוֹרְמִין. כְּדִכְתִיב בְּכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל (שם) אֶת רֹאשׁוֹ לֹא יִפְרָע וּבְגָדָיו לֹא יִפְרֹם:

Sefaria Community Translation

ולא פורעין ולא פרומין – as it is written concerning the High Priest (Leviticus 21:10): “[he] shall not bare his head or rend his vestments.”

וּמַחֲזִירִין אֶת הָרוֹצֵחַ. אִם מֵת אֶחָד מֵהֶם, חוֹזֵר הָרוֹצֵחַ מֵעִיר מִקְלָטוֹ, כְּדִכְתִיב (במדבר לה) עַד מוֹת הַכֹּהֵן הַגָּדוֹל:

Sefaria Community Translation

ומחזירין את הרוצח – if one of these dies, the killer returns from his city of refuge, as it is written (Numbers 35:28): “[For he must remain inside his city of refuge] until the death of the high priest…”

כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל פּוֹרֵם מִלְּמַטָּה. אִם מֵת לוֹ מֵת שֶׁחַיָּב לִקְרֹעַ עָלָיו, קוֹרֵעַ מִלְּמַטָּה בִּכְנַף בִּגְדוֹ הַסָּמוּךְ לְרַגְלָיו. וְהַאי דִכְתִיב וּבְגָדָיו לֹא יִפְרֹם, שֶׁאֵינוֹ פּוֹרֵם כִּשְׁאָר כָּל אָדָם:

Sefaria Community Translation

כהן גדול פורם מלמטה – If he sustained a death where he is obligated to tear [his clothing], he tears from the bottom at the corner of his garment nearest his feet. And this [verse] that is written (Leviticus 21:10): “or rend his vestments,” for he does not rend like other people.

מִלְּמַעְלָה. כְּנֶגֶד הֶחָזֶה סָמוּךְ לַכָּתֵף, כִּשְׁאָר הָעָם:

Sefaria Community Translation

מלמעלה – opposite/corresponding to the breast near the shoulder, like other people.

אוֹנֵן. מִי שֶׁמֵּת לוֹ אֶחָד מִשִּׁבְעָה קְרוֹבִים שֶׁחַיָּב לְהִתְאַבֵּל עָלָיו, יוֹם הַמִּיתָה כֻּלּוֹ בֵּין נִקְבַּר הַמֵּת בֵּין לֹא נִקְבַּר, הוּא אוֹנֵן דְּאוֹרַיְתָא, וּמִיּוֹם הַמִּיתָה וְאֵילָךְ כָּל זְמַן שֶׁלֹּא נִקְבַּר הַמֵּת הוּא אוֹנֵן דְּרַבָּנָן, וְיוֹם הַקְּבוּרָה הוּא אוֹנֵן דְּרַבָּנָן כָּל אוֹתוֹ הַיּוֹם אֲפִלּוּ לְאַחַר קְבוּרָה, וּמִשֶׁנִּקְבַּר הַמֵּת בְּיוֹם רִאשׁוֹן שֶׁל מִיתָה כָּל הַלַּיְלָה שֶׁלְּאַחֲרָיו הוּא אוֹנֵן דְּרַבָּנָן:

Sefaria Community Translation

אונן – he who sustained a death from one of the seven relatives that he (i.e., a Kohen) is obligated to mourn for, the entire day of death, whether the deceased is buried whether it is not buried [that day], he is an Onan/mourner before the funeral of a kinsman according to the Torah, and from the day of death and onwards, all the while that the deceased is not buried, he is an Onan according to the Rabbis, but the day of burial he is an Onan according to the Rabbis all that day, even after the burial, and from when the deceased is buried on the first day of death, all that night afterwards, he is an Onan according to the Rabbis.

כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל מַקְרִיב אוֹנֵן וְלֹא אוֹכֵל. מִן הַקָּדָשִׁים. שֶׁכֵּן מָצִינוּ בְּאַהֲרֹן בַּיּוֹם שֶׁמֵּתוּ נָדָב וַאֲבִיהוּא אָמַר וְאָכַלְתִּי חַטָּאת הַיּוֹם הֲיִיטַב בְּעֵינֵי ה'‏ [וַיִּקְרָא י], עַל הָאֲכִילָה הָיָה מַקְפִּיד, לֹא עַל הַהַקְרָבָה. וְדַוְקָא אַהֲרֹן שֶׁהוּא כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל, אֲבָל בָּנָיו שֶׁהָיוּ כֹּהֲנִים הֶדְיוֹטִים הָיוּ אֲסוּרִים אוֹתוֹ הַיּוֹם בֵּין לְהַקְרִיב בֵּין לֶאֱכֹל:

Sefaria Community Translation

כהן גדול מקריב אונן ולא אוכל – from the Holy Things, for such we found with Aaron on the day that Nadav and Avihu died, he said (Leviticus 10:19): “Had I eaten purification offering today, would the LORD have approved?” On the eating he was stringent but not n the bringing of the offering. And specifically, Aaron who was the High Priest, but his sons who were common priests, they were forbidden that entire day whether to offer [a sacrifice] or to eat from it.

הַתָּדִיר מֵחֲבֵרוֹ הוּא קוֹדֵם. דְּאָמַר קְרָא (במדבר כח) מִלְּבַד עֹלַת הַבֹּקֶר אֲשֶׁר לְעֹלַת הַתָּמִיד. מִכְּדֵי כְתִיב עֹלַת הַבֹּקֶר, אֲשֶׁר לְעֹלַת הַתָּמִיד לָמָּה לִי, אֶלָּא אָמַר רַחֲמָנָא, הַאי מִשּׁוּם דְּתָדִיר, קָדֵים בְּרֵישָׁא:

Sefaria Community Translation

התדיר מחבירו הוא קודם – as Scripture states (Numbers 28:23): “You shall present these in addition to the morning portion of the regular burnt offering.” For since it is written, “the morning portion of the regular burnt offering,” why does it mention “the regular burnt offering?” But, because the All-Merciful stated – because it is more frequent, it precedes it in the first part [of the verse].

וְכָל הַמְקֻדָּשׁ מֵחֲבֵרוֹ וְכוּ'. דְּהָכִי אַשְׁכְּחָן בַּכֹּהֵן, דִּכְתִיב בֵּיהּ וְקִדַּשְׁתּוֹ, וְאָמְרִינַן לִפְתֹּחַ רִאשׁוֹן וּלְבָרֵךְ רִאשׁוֹן וְלִטֹּל מָנָה יָפָה רִאשׁוֹן:

Sefaria Community Translation

וכל המקודש מחבירו וכו' – for so we find with the Kohen as it is written concerning him (Leviticus 21:8): “and you must treat them as holy,[since they offer the food of your God; they shall be holy to you, for I the LORD who sanctify you am holy],” and we say to open first [with the Torah reading] and to bless first (with the invitation to the group to recite the Birkat HaMazon/Blessing after the Meals) and to take the first nice portion.

פַּר מָשִׁיחַ קוֹדֵם. הוֹאִיל וּמָשִׁיחַ מְכַפֵּר וְעֵדָה מִתְכַּפֶּרֶת, בְּדִין הוּא שֶׁיַּקְדִּים מְכַפֵּר לַמִּתְכַּפֵּר. וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר (ויקרא טז) וְכִפֶּר בַּעֲדוֹ וּבְעַד בֵּיתוֹ, וְאַחַר כָּךְ וּבְעַד כָּל קְהַל יִשְׂרָאֵל:

Sefaria Community Translation

פר משיח קודם – for since the anointed bull atones and the community atones, and it is by law that what atones comes prior to that which obtains atonement. And similarly, Scripture states (Leviticus 16:17): “When he has made expiation for himself and his household”, and afterwards,“for the whole congregation of Israel.”

הָאִישׁ קוֹדֵם לָאִשָּׁה. שֶׁהוּא מְקֻדָּשׁ מִמֶּנָּה, שֶׁהָאִישׁ חַיָּב בְּכָל הַמִּצְוֹת וְהָאִשָּׁה אֵינָהּ חַיֶּבֶת בְּמִצְוֹת עֲשֵׂה שֶׁהַזְּמַן גְּרָמָא:

Sefaria Community Translation

האיש קודם לאשה –for he is holier than her, for a man is liable for all of the commandments, but a woman is not liable for positive time-bound commandments.

וְהָאִשָּׁה קוֹדֶמֶת לָאִישׁ בִּכְסוּת. שֶׁבֹּשְׁתָּהּ מְרֻבָּה מִבֹּשְׁתּוֹ שֶׁל אִישׁ:

Sefaria Community Translation

והאשה קודמת לאיש בכסות – for her shame is greater than the shame of a man.

לְקַלְקָלָה. לְבִיאָה. וּלְמִשְׁכַּב זָכוּר:

Sefaria Community Translation

לקלקלה – for sexual intercourse and for pederasty.

הָאִישׁ קוֹדֵם. שֶׁזּוֹ דַּרְכָּהּ בְּכָךְ וְזֶה אֵין דַּרְכּוֹ בְּכָךְ:

Sefaria Community Translation

והאיש קודם – this is her practice in this matter and it is not his practice in this matter.

לֵוִי קוֹדֵם לְיִשְׂרָאֵל. דִּכְתִיב (דברים י) בָּעֵת הַהִיא הִבְדִּיל ה'‏ אֶת שֵׁבֶט הַלֵּוִי מִתּוֹךְ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל:

Sefaria Community Translation

לוי קודם לישראל – [see Tractate Gittin, Chapter 5, Mishnah 8]. As it is written (Deuteronomy 10:8): “At that time the LORD set apart the tribe of Levi [to carry the Ark of he LORD’s Covenant, to stand in attendance upon the LORD…].”

יִשְׂרָאֵל קוֹדֵם לְמַמְזֵר. הַאי מְיֻחָס וְהַאי לָאו מְיֻחָס:

Sefaria Community Translation

ישראל קודם לממזר – this one (i.e., the Israelite) is of legitimate descent and that one (i.e., the Mamzer) is not of legitimate descent.

מַמְזֵר קוֹדֵם לְנָתִין. זֶה בָּא מִטִּפָּה כְּשֵׁרָה וְזֶה בָּא מִטִּפָּה פְּסוּלָה:

Sefaria Community Translation

ממזר קודם לנתין – this one (i.e., the Mamzer) comes from a fit drop and that one (i.e., the Nattin) comes from an unfit drop.

נָתִין קוֹדֵם לְגֵר. זֶה גָּדַל עִמָּנוּ בִּקְדֻשָּׁה וְזֶה לֹא גָּדַל עִמָּנוּ בִּקְדֻשָּׁה:

Sefaria Community Translation

נתין קודם לגר – this one grew among us in holiness where as that one (i.e., the convert) did not grow among us in holiness.

גֵּר קוֹדֵם לְעֶבֶד. זֶה לֹא הָיָה בִּכְלַל אָרוּר וְזֶה הָיָה בִּכְלַל אָרוּר:

Sefaria Community Translation

גר קודם לעבד – this one was not included among those who were cursed and that one (i.e., the servant) was among those who were cursed (see Genesis, chapter 9, verse 25: “Cursed be Canaan; The lowest of slaves shall he be to his brothers.”).

מַמְזֵר תַּלְמִיד חָכָם קוֹדֵם לְכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל עַם הָאָרֶץ. דִּכְתִיב (משלי ג) יְקָרָה הִיא מִפְּנִינִים, יְקָרָה הִיא מִכֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל שֶׁנִּכְנָס לִפְנַי וְלִפְנִים:

Sefaria Community Translation

ממזר תלמיד חכם קודם לכהן גדול עם הארץ – as it is written (Proverbs 3:15): “She is more precious than rubies; [All your goods cannot equal her.]” She is more precious than a High Priest who enters into the innermost place.

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