Sifrei Devarim Paragraph 130
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(דברים טז ג) לֹא תֹאכַל עָלָיו חָמֵץ, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: מִנַּיִן לָאוֹכֵל חָמֵץ מִשֵּׁשׁ שָׁעוֹת וּלְמַעְלָה, שֶׁעוֹבֵר בְּלֹא תַעֲשֶׂה? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: לֹא תֹאכַל עָלָיו חָמֵץ.
Pisqa’ 130⁴²³
- “You shall not eat leavened-food ⁴²⁴with it” (Dt. 16:3). R. Judah says: How do we know that one who eats leavened-food on Passover eve from the sixth [daylight] hour onward, **transgresses a proscription?**⁴²⁵ 17. The Teaching states: “You shall not eat leavened-food with it” (Dt. 16:3).
footnotes: ⁴²³ H:174; JN1:317-318 ⁴²⁴ Heb: khametz. ⁴²⁵ //T. Pes. 1:8; Mechilta Ishmael, paskha’,
אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן: יָכוֹל כֵּן הוּא הַדָּבָר? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: לֹא תֹאכַל עָלָיו חָמֵץ, שִׁבְעַת יָמִים תֹּאכַל עָלָיו מַצּוֹת – אֶת שֶׁהוּא בְּקוּם אֱכֹל מַצָּה – הֲרֵי הוּא בְּבַל תֹּאכַל חָמֵץ, אֶת שֶׁאֵינוֹ בְּקוּם אֱכֹל מַצָּה – אֵינוֹ בְּבַל תֹּאכַל חָמֵץ.
Said R. Shimon: Can this really be so? The Teaching states: “You shall not eat leavened-food with it . . . Seven days shall you eat unleavened-bread ⁴²⁶with it” (Dt. 16:3). The person who stands ready [on Passover] to eat unleavened-bread also stands ready to refrain from eating leavened-food. Yet [on Passover eve], when a person does not stand ready to eat the unleavened-bread [until nightfall]— he does not refrain from eating leavened-food [until the sixth daylight hour].
footnotes: ⁴²⁶ Heb: matzah.
לֶחֶם עֹנִי, פְּרָט לְחָלוּט וְלַאֲשִׁישָׁה.
- “The bread of oppression (Dt. 16:3)— to the exclusion of scalded-bread or pancakes [which the oppressed cannot afford].
יָכוֹל לֹא יְהֵא אָדָם יוֹצֵא יְדֵי חוֹבָתוֹ בְּפַת הַדְרָאָה? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: מַצּוֹת, אֲפִלּוּ כְּמַצָּה שֶׁל שְׁלֹמֹה. אִם כֵּן לָמָּה נֶאֱמַר לֶחֶם עֹנִי? פְּרָט לְחָלוּט וַאֲשִׁישָׁה.
Is it possible to say that a person does not meet his obligation **[to eat bread of oppression] with coal-baked bread?**⁴²⁷ The Teaching states: “Unleavened bread” (Dt. 16:3)— including even the unleavened bread [from the table] of King Solomon. If this is so, why is it stated: “Bread of oppression” (Dt. 16:3)? To the exclusion of scalded-bread or pancakes.
footnotes: ⁴²⁷ Cf. T. Pes. 1:29 (ed. Zuckermandel); T. Pes. 2: 17 (ed. Lieberman).
רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: לָמָּה נִקְרָא לֶחֶם עֹנִי? אֶלָּא עַל שֵׁם עִנּוּי שֶׁנִּתְעַנּוּ בְּמִצְרַיִם.
R. Shimon says: Why is it called “bread of oppression?” Mainly, to recall the oppression we suffered [while eating it] in Egypt.
כִּי בְחִפָּזוֹן יָצָאתָ מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם, יָכוֹל חִפָּזוֹן לְיִשְׂרָאֵל וּלְמִצְרַיִם? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר (שמות יא ז): ״וּלְכֹל בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לֹא יֶחֱרַץ כֶּלֶב לְשֹׁנוֹ״. אֱמֹר מֵעַתָּה: לְמִצְרַיִם הָיָה חִפָּזוֹן, וְלֹא הָיָה חִפָּזוֹן לְיִשְׂרָאֵל.
- “For you left the land of Egypt in a panic” (Dt. 16:3). Is it possible to say that Both Israel and Egypt were in a panic? The Teaching states: “But not a dog will growl at the Israelites” (Ex. 11:7). Conclude from this verse that Egypt was in a panic, but Israel was not in a panic.
לְמַעַן תִּזְכֹּר אֶת יוֹם צֵאתְךָ מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם, זוֹ הִיא שֶׁאָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה: הֲרֵינִי כְּבֶן שִׁבְעִים שָׁנָה, וְלֹא זָכִיתִי שֶׁתֵּאָמֵר יְצִיאַת מִצְרַיִם בַּלֵּילוֹת עַד שֶׁדְּרָשָׁהּ בֶּן זוֹמָא, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לְמַעַן תִּזְכֹּר אֶת יוֹם צֵאתְךָ מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם כֹּל יְמֵי חַיֶּיךָ, יְמֵי חַיֶּיךָ – הַיָּמִים, כֹּל יְמֵי חַיֶּיךָ – הַלֵּילוֹת. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: יְמֵי חַיֶּיךָ – הָעוֹלָם הַזֶּה, כֹּל יְמֵי חַיֶּיךָ – לְהָבִיא אֶת יְמוֹת הַמָּשִׁיחַ.
“So that you may recall the day of your liberation from the land of Egypt” (Dt. 16:3).
Indeed, I am [as to learning] like a seventy-year-old, but I was never able to grasp why the liberation from Egypt should be recited at night,
“So that you may recall the day of your liberation from the land of Egypt all the days of your life” (Dt. 16:3)— The days of your life might have meant [to recall the liberation only] during the days; all the days of your life includes [recalling the liberation even] during the nights.
The days of your life might have meant [to recall the liberation only] in this eon; all the days of your life includes [recalling the liberation even] **in the messianic days.**⁴²⁸
footnotes: ⁴²⁸ //M. Ber. 1:5; T. Ber. 1:12. This passage has a close parallel in the Passover Haggadah.