And Adonoy spoke to Moshe and to Aharon, saying to them:

And the Lord spoke to Moshe and to Aharon, saying to them,

And the L-rd spoke to Moses and to Aaron [(Moses to tell Aaron)] to say to them [(Aaron to tell Elazar and Ithamar)]:

Speak to Bnei Yisroel, saying: these are the living things that you may eat from among all the animals that are on the earth.

Speak to the children of Yisra᾽el, saying, These are the beasts which you shall eat among all the beasts that are on the earth.

Speak to the children of Israel, saying [(All of the above were made equal in this embassy for having remained silent and accepted G-d's decree (the death of Nadav and Avihu) with love)]: This [(Moses took hold of the animal and showed it to Israel)] is the animal (chayyah) [(connoting "chayyim" (life) — Because Israel cleaves to the L-rd and merits (eternal) life, it is (to that end) separated from what is unclean and given mitzvoth)] that you may eat, of every beast that is on the earth [("beast" is in the class of "animal")]:

All that have a cloven hoof, and they [the hooves] are [completely] split and that [also] chews its cud among animals, you may eat it.

Whatever parts the hoof, and is clovenfooted, and chews the cud, among the beasts, that shall you eat.

Whatever has parted hooves, and whose hooves are wholly cloven, and which chews its cud [lit., "which brings up its cud" (to chew again)] in the beast [(including an embryo found in the mother)] it shall you eat [(a positive commandment added to the negative (below) to make for "double" transgression in the instance of non-observance)]

However, these in particular you may not eat of those that chew their cud and that have cloven hooves: the camel, for he chews his cud but does not have a split hoof it is unclean to you.

Nevertheless these shall you not eat of them that chew the cud, or of them that divide the hoof: the camel, because he chews the cud, but does not part the hoof: he is unclean to you.

Only this shall you not eat of those that chew the cud and of those whose hooves are parted: the camel, because it chews the cud and its hoof is not parted, it is unclean to you.

The rabbit, for it chews its cud but does not have a cloven hoof it is unclean to you.

And the coney, because he chews the cud, but does not part the hoof; he is unclean to you.

And the coney, because it chews the cud but has not parted hooves, it is unclean to you.

The hare, for it chews its cud but it does not have a cloven hoof it is unclean to you.

And the hare, because he chews the cud, but does not part the hoof; he is unclean to you.

And the hare, because it chews the cud but has not parted hooves, it is unclean to you.

The pig, for though it has cloven hooves, and its hooves are [completely] split—it does not chew its cud—it is unclean to you.

And the swine, though he divide the hoof, and be clovenfooted, yet he chews not the cud; he is unclean to you.

And the swine, because its hooves are parted and it is cloven-footed, but it does not chew the cud, it is unclean to you.

You shall not eat of their flesh and you may not touch their carcasses; they are unclean to you.

Of their flesh shall you not eat, and their carcass shall you not touch; they are unclean to you.

Of their flesh you shall not eat [(The exhortation applies to flesh, but not to bones, sinews, horns, or hooves)], and their carcass you shall not touch [on a festival]; they are unclean to you [(Do not make yourself unclean through them and (thus) disqualify yourself from appearing in the Temple on the festival)].

These you may eat, of all things that are in water; all that have fins and scales in the waters, in oceans and in rivers; you may eat them.

These shall you eat of all that are in the waters: whatever has fins and scales in the waters, in the seas, and in the rivers, them shall you eat.

This may you eat of all that is in the waters: All that have fins and scales in the water, in the seas and in the rivers — those may you eat.

All that do not have fins and scales [that are] in the oceans and rivers; of any creature that creeps in the water and of any living creature that is in the water; they are repulsive to you.

And all that have not fins and scales in the seas, and in the rivers, of all that move in the waters, and of any living thing which is in the waters, they are abominable to you:

And all that do not have fins and scales in the seas and in the rivers, of every sheretz of the waters [(sheretz) a low creature that creeps and moves along the ground], and of every living creature that is in the waters — they are detestable to you.

They shall be repulsive to you, you shall not eat of their flesh and their carcasses shall be repulsive by you.

and they shall be abominable to you; you shall not eat of their flesh, but their carcasses you shall abominate.

And detestable shall they be to you [(This is to include mixtures where their taste is discernible)]. Of their flesh you shall not eat [(The exhortation does not apply to fins and bones)], and their carcass shall you hold in detestation [(to include midges filtered from their native element)].

Anything which does not have fins and scales in the water, is repulsive to you.

Whatever has no fins or scales in the waters, that shall be an abomination to you.

Whatever has no fins and scales in the water [(but not something that "sheds" them in being removed from the water)] is detestable to you.

These you shall consider repulsive from among the fowl; they may not be eaten; they are repulsive: the eagle, the white-tailed eagle and the bearded vulture.

And these are they which you shall have in abomination among the birds; they shall not be eaten, they are abominable: the eagle, and the bearded vulture and the black vulture.

And these shall you hold in detestation of the fowl. They shall not be eaten [(One may not feed them to minors)]; they are detestable: the great vulture, and the bearded vulture, and the osprey.

The falcon and the vulture, to its kind.

And the kite, and the buzzard after its kind;

And the kite and the falcon after its kind. ["after its kind" denotes a class which, though containing some members which may differ in name or appearance, is, notwithstanding, one species.)]

Every raven, to its kind.

every raven after its kind;

Every raven after its kind.

The ostrich, the owl, the seagull and the sparrow hawk, to its kind.

and the owl, and the kestrel, and the gull, and the sparrow hawk after its kind.

And the ostrich, and the night-hawk, and the sea-mew, and the hawk after its kind.

The little owl, the cormorant and the eagle owl.

And the little owl, and the fish fowl, and the great owl,

And the little owl, and the cormorant, and the great owl.

The horned owl, the pelican and the carrion vulture.

and the barn owl, and the jackdaw, and the gier eagle.

And the horned owl, and the pelican, and the carrion-vulture.

The stork and the heron, to its kind. The hoopoe and the bat.

And the stork, the heron after her kind, and the hoopoe, and the bat.

And the [white] stork, and the heron after its kind, and the lapwing and the bat.

All winged insects that walk on four [legs] are repulsive to you.

All swarming things that fly, going upon four, shall be an abomination to you.

All creeping things that fly, which walk on four [such as flies, hornets, gnats, and locusts,] are detestable to you.

However, these you may eat of all the flying insects that walk on four [legs], those which have knees extending above their legs so that it hops on the ground with them.

Yet these may you eat of every flying creeping thing that goes upon four, which have legs above their feet, to leap with upon the earth;

Only this may you eat of all creeping things that fly, which walk on four — that which has kera'aim [foot-like projections] above its feet [near its neck] with which to spring from the earth.

Of them, these you may eat; the locust, to its kind the solom-locust, to its kind, the grasshopper, to its kind and the chogov-hopper, to its kind.

these of them you may eat; the locust after its kind, and the grasshopper after its kind, and the ĥargol after its kind, and the ĥagav after its kind.

These of them you may eat: the arbeh after its kind, and the salam after its kind, and the chargol after its kind, and the chagav after its kind.

All flying insects that have four feet are repulsive to you.

But all other flying creeping things, which have four feet, shall be an abomination to you.

And every creeping thing that flies, which has four legs, it is detestable to you [(but if it has five, it is clean)].

As for these, [animals], you can be made unclean; all those who touch their carcasses shall be unclean until the evening.

And for these you shall be unclean: whoever touches the carcass of them shall be unclean until evening.

And by [touching] these [that follow] you shall become unclean; all who touch their carcass will be unclean until evening.

Anyone who carries of their carcasses; shall wash his garments and is unclean until the evening.

And whoever bears aught of the carcass of them shall wash his clothes, and be unclean until evening.

And everyone that carries of their carcass shall wash his clothing, and he shall be unclean until the evening. [(Carrying-uncleanliness is more stringent than touching-uncleanliness in that it requires washing of clothing.)]

Thus every animal that has cloven hooves but its hooves are not [completely] split and it does not bring up its cud, they are unclean to you; all who touch them shall become unclean.

The carcasses of every beast which parts the hoof, and is not clovenfooted, nor chews the cud, are unclean to you: everyone that touches them shall be unclean.

By [touching (24)] every beast whose hoof is parted but is not cloven-footed, [like the camel, whose hoof is parted above but joined below] or does not chew the cud. They are unclean to you; everyone who touches them (i.e. their carcass) shall be unclean.

All [animals] that walk on their paws among all the living creatures that walk on four legs, they are unclean to you. All who touch their carcasses shall be unclean until the evening.

And whatever goes upon its paws, among all manner of beasts that go on all four, those are unclean to you: whoever touches their carcass shall be unclean until evening.

And all that walk upon their soles [e.g., dog, bear, cat], among all animals which walk on four, they are unclean to you. All who touch their carcass will be unclean until the evening.

Whoever carries their carcasses shall wash his garments and is unclean until the evening; they are unclean to you.

And he that bears the carcass of them shall wash his clothes, and be unclean until evening: they are unclean to you.

And he that carries their carcass shall wash his clothes, and he shall be unclean until the evening; they are unclean to you.

These [also] are unclean to you among all creeping creatures that crawl on the ground; the weasel, the mouse and the toad, to its kind.

These also shall be unclean to you among the creeping things that creep upon the earth; the rat, and the mouse, and the tortoise after its kind.

And this to you is what is unclean [i.e., which renders you unclean by touching them (vis-à-vis the eating of terumah and kodshim and entering the sanctuary)] among the creeping things that creep upon the earth: the weasel, and the mouse, and the great lizard after its kind.

The hedgehog, the chameleon, the lizard, the slug and the mole.

And the gecko, and the monitor, and the lizard, and the skink, and the chameleon.

And the gecko, and the land-crocodile, and the lizard, and the sand-lizard, and the chameleon.

These are unclean to you among all the creeping creatures. Whoever touches them when they are dead shall be unclean until the evening.

These are unclean to you among all that creep: whoever touches them, when they are dead, shall be unclean until evening.

These are what are unclean to you among all that creep. Everyone who touches them in their death will be unclean until the evening.

Everything, wherever a part of them may fall when they are dead, shall become unclean, such as a wooden vessel, or a garment, or a hide or a sack. Every vessel with which work is done, shall be brought [put] into water, and remains unclean until the evening, [then] it becomes clean.

And whatever any of them falls upon, when they are dead, shall be unclean; whether it be any vessel of wood, or clothing, or skin, or sack, whatever vessel it be, in which any work is done, it must be put into water, and it shall be unclean until evening, then it shall be clean.

And all (vessels) upon which there falls of them in their death shall be unclean: of all vessels of wood, or garment, or skin, or sack. Any vessel with which work is done shall be put into water, and it shall be unclean [even after immersion] until the evening [for purposes of terumah], and then, [with the setting of the sun] it shall be clean.

Every earthen vessel into which a part of them may fall, everything that is within it becomes unclean, and you shall break it.

And every earthen vessel, into which any of them fall, whatever is in it shall be unclean; and you shall break it.

And every earthen vessel where there shall fall of them into its midst [(an earthen vessel becomes unclean only through its interior)], whatever is in its midst shall [in turn] become unclean, and it shall you break [(It cannot be rendered clean in a mikveh.)]

Of all foods that are eaten upon which water comes, shall be unclean. Every beverage that is drunk, in any vessel, shall be impure.

Of all food which may be eaten, that on which water comes shall be unclean: and all drink that may be drunk in every vessel shall be unclean.

["whatever is in its midst shall be unclean"] of all the food [(but not vessels) that is in it] which may be eaten [in one swallow (the size of an egg)], upon which water [and all drink] comes [(after the fruit has been picked)]; and all drink that may be drunk in every (such) vessel shall be unclean.

Everything upon which any part of their carcasses fall, shall be unclean [even] an oven and a hearth shall be shattered, they are unclean and they shall be unclean to you.

And everything upon which any part of their carcass falls shall be unclean; whether it be oven, or ranges, they shall be broken down: for they are unclean, and shall be unclean to you.

And all that there shall fall of their carcass upon it shall be unclean; whether oven or stove [(hollow, movable earthenware vessels with the opening on top)], it shall be torn down [(ritual immersion not availing for earthenware)]; they are unclean. And they shall be unclean to you [("to you":) If one wishes to preserve them in their state of uncleanliness he may do so.)]

However, a well-spring and a pit, a gathering of water, shall be pure. [But] that which touches their carcasses shall be unclean.

Nevertheless a fountain or pit, wherein there is a collection of water, shall be clean: but that which touches their carcass shall be unclean.

Only a spring or a pit where waters are gathered shall be clean [i.e., they are not susceptible to uncleanliness (or: he who immerses in them "shall be clean")]. But he who touches their carcass (the carcass of the animals mentioned above) shall be unclean, [even if he does so while immersed in the spring or the mikveh].

If any part of their carcasses falls on any sowing seed that will be planted, it remains [ritually] clean.

And if any part of their carcass fall upon any sowing seed which is to be sown, it shall be clean.

And if there fall of their carcass on any variety of seed which is to be sown, it is clean [(Scripture apprises us (see 38) that it is not considered food susceptible of uncleanliness until water comes upon it)].

If water was once placed on seeds and part of their carcasses fall upon them, they are unclean to you.

But if any water be put upon the seed, and any part of their carcass fall on it, it shall be unclean to you.

And if water [or other liquids] be placed upon a(n) [uprooted] seed [or it fall into water], and aught of their carcass fall on it [(even after the water has dried)], it is unclean to you.

If any animal dies [of those] that are permitted to eat whoever touches its carcass shall be unclean until the evening.

And if any beast, of which you may eat, die; he that touches its carcass shall be unclean until evening.

And if there die of the beast which is yours to eat, he that touches its carcass [(but not its bones, sinews, horns, hooves, or skin)] shall be unclean until the evening.

Whoever eats of its carcass shall wash his garments and is unclean until the evening. Whoever carries its carcass shall wash his garments and is unclean until the evening.

And he that eats of the carcass of it shall wash his clothes, and be unclean until evening: he also that bears the carcass of it shall wash his clothes, and be unclean until evening.

And he who eats of its carcass [i.e., one who carries or touches the amount of carcass to which the term "eating" can be applied (i.e., an olive-size)] shall wash his clothes and he shall be unclean until the evening. And he who carries its carcass shall wash his clothes and he shall be unclean until the evening.

Every creeping creature which crawls on the ground is repulsive, it may not be eaten.

And every creeping thing that creeps upon the earth shall be held abominable; it shall not be eaten.

And every creeping thing that creeps upon the earth is detestable [(to exclude the insects in peas and beans, which do not creep upon the earth but within the food (Once they come out, however, and creep upon the earth, they are forbidden)]; it shall not be eaten [The feeder incurs punishment as the eater does.]

Whatever crawls on its belly and whatever goes on four [legs] or whatever has many feet; regarding all creeping creatures that crawl on the ground; you may not eat them, for they are repulsive.

Whatever goes on its belly, and whatever goes upon four, or whatever has many feet among all creeping things that creep on the earth, them you shall not eat; for they are an abomination.

All [(including worms and the like)] that go upon the belly [i.e., snakes] and all that go upon four [i.e., scorpions], until all [including beetles and the like] that are many-footed [i.e., centipedes], of all creeping things that creep upon the earth, you shall not eat them, for they are detestable.

Do not make yourselves repulsive by [eating] any creeping creature that crawls, and do not make yourselves unclean with them, for you will become unclean because of them.

You shall not make yourselves abominable with any creeping thing that creeps, neither shall you make yourselves unclean with them, that you should be defiled by them.

Do not make your souls detestable by [eating] every creeping thing that creeps, and do not make yourselves unclean by [eating] them, that you be rendered unclean by them. [(If you make yourselves unclean by them on earth, I shall render you unclean for the world to come and for the heavenly tribunal.)]

For I am Adonoy, your God; you shall sanctify yourselves and you shall become holy, for I am Holy and you shall not make yourselves unclean with any creeping creature that crawls on the ground.

For I am the Lord your God: you shall therefore sanctify yourselves, and you shall be holy; for I am holy: neither shall you defile yourselves with any manner of creeping thing that creeps on the earth.

[Just as I am holy,] for I am the L-rd your G-d, make yourselves holy, and you will be holy, [for I will sanctify you above and in the world to come.] For I am holy, and do not make your souls unclean, [transgressing many negative commandments, each punishable by stripes (e.g., "If one ate a putitha (a kind of reptile) he receives stripes four times, etc.")] with every creeping thing that creeps upon the earth.

For I am Adonoy, who brings you up from the land of Egypt to be your God. You shall be holy, for I am Holy.

For I am the Lord that brings you up out of the land of Miżrayim, to be your God: you shall therefore be holy, for I am holy.

For I am the L-rd, who brought you up out of the land of Egypt [so that you accept My mitzvoth], to be a G-d to you. And you shall be holy, for I am holy.

This is the law concerning the animals and the fowl and of all living creatures that swarm in the waters and for all creatures that crawl on the earth.

This is the Tora of the beasts, and of the birds, and of every living creature that moves in the waters, and of every creature that creeps on the earth:

This is the law of the beast and the bird and of every living creature that swarms in the water and of every creature that creeps on the earth.

To distinguish between the unclean and between the clean, and between the living creatures which may be eaten and between the living creature which may not be eaten.

to make a distinction between the unclean and the clean, and between the beast that may be eaten and the beast that may not be eaten.

To distinguish [(It is not enough to "learn" about them; you must have perfect "recognition" of them.)] between the unclean [i.e., what is "unclean" to you (e.g., cutting half the windpipe)] and the clean [i.e., what is "clean" to you (e.g., cutting most of the windpipe)], and between the animal [(with certain treifah signs)] which may be eaten, and the animal [(with other treifah signs)] which may not be eaten.