Rashi on Ezekiel Chapter 18
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וַיְהִי דְבַר ה׳ אֵלַי לֵאמֹר. מַה לָּכֶם אַתֶּם מֹשְׁלִים אֶת הַמָּשָׁל. אשנפלאנ״ץ בְּלַעַ״ז:
And the word of the Lord came to me, saying: What do you mean that you use this parable Asanplanz in Old French, comparison, parable.
אָבוֹת יֹאכְלוּ בֹסֶר. פְּרִי עַד שֶׁלֹּא נִתְבַּשֵּׁל, בֵּיירְגוּ״ץ בְּלַעַ״ז:
The fathers have eaten sour grapes Heb. בוֹסֶר, fruit before it has ripened. Verjus in—French, verjuice.
וְשִׁנֵּי הַבָּנִים תִּקְהֶינָה. אגאצירונ״ט בְּלַעַ״ז, כָּךְ דַּרְכּוֹ שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא: הָאָבוֹת חוֹטְאִים וְהַבָּנִים לוֹקִים, שֶׁהֲרֵי כַּמָּה שָׁנִים חָטְאוּ מַלְכֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל קֹדֶם שֶׁגָּלוּ, וְאַף אָנוּ לֹא נִדְאַג לִלְקוֹת בַּעֲוֹנֵינוּ:
and the children’s teeth are set on edge Heb. תִּקְהֶינָה, agazeront in Old French, will be set on edge. So is the way of the Holy One, blessed be He: the fathers sin and the children are punished, for the kings of Israel sinned for many years before they were exiled, and we too need not be concerned that we shall be punished for our iniquities.
מְשׁוֹל. כְּמוֹ לִמְשׁוֹל:
shall no longer use this parable Heb. מְשֹּׁל, like לִמְשֹּׁל [the infinitive].
כָּל הַנְּפָשׁוֹת לִי הֵנָּה. וְלָמָּה יִלְקֶה הַבֵּן שֶׁלֹּא חָטָא לִי?! הֲלֹא שֶׁלִּי הוּא!
Behold, all souls are Mine So why should the son who did not sin against Me suffer? Is he not Mine?
אֶל הֶהָרִים לֹא אָכַל. ״בְּטוּרַיָּא לֹא פְּלַח לְטָעֲוָותָא״ (תרגום יונתן), לֶאֱכוֹל זִבְחֵי מֵתִים:
And does not eat on the mountains “On the mountains, he did not worship pagan deities” [Targum Jonathan] by eating “sacrifices of the dead.”
אֶל גִּלּוּלֵי. שְׁאָר עֲבוֹדַת כּוֹכָבִים, כְּגוֹן הַבַּעַל שֶׁבְּשׁוֹמְרוֹן וְהָעֲגָלִים שֶׁבְּבֵית אֵל וְשֶׁבְּדָן (מלכים א יב:כט):
to the idols Referring to other idolatry, e.g., Baal in Samaria and the calves in Bethel and Dan.
(יוֹנֶה. לְשׁוֹן אוֹנָאָה כְּלוֹמַר שׁוּם אִישׁ לֹא הוֹנָה):
wrongs Heb. יוֹנֶה, an expression of wronging (אוֹנָאָה) ; i.e., he wronged no man.
חֲבוֹלָתוֹ חוֹב יָשִׁיב. אִם חָבַל שַׂלְמַת רֵעֵהוּ בְּחוֹבוֹ, יָשִׁיב אוֹתָהּ לוֹ כְּבֹא הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ (שמות כב:כה):
what has been pledged for a debt he returns If he took his friend’s garment as a pledge for a loan, he would return it to him at sunset.
וְעָשָׂה אָח מֵאַחַד מֵאֵלֶּה. תִּרְגֵּם יוֹנָתָן: ״וְיַעֲבִד לַאֲחוֹהִי מֵחֲדָא מֵאִילֵּין״:
and he commits upon his brother any of these Heb. אָח. Jonathan renders: and he does to his brother any one of these.
וְהוּא אֶת כָּל אֵלֶּה. אֶת כָּל הַטּוֹבוֹת הָאֵלֶּה, שֶׁעָשָׂה אָבִיו:
And he does not do all these All these good deeds that his father did.
תּוֹעֵבָה עָשָׂה. מִשְׁכַּב זָכוּר (ויקרא כ:יג):
committed abomination Homosexual relations.
וַיִּרְאֶה וְלֹא יַעֲשֶׂה כָּהֵן. רָאָה בְּלִבּוֹ שֶׁאֵין טוֹב לַעֲשׂוֹת כֵּן, אִיאַפְרְצוֹיְ״ט בְּלַעַ״ז:
and sees and does not do likewise He sees with his heart that it is not good to do so, et il apercut in French, he realized.
מֵעָנִי הֵשִׁיב יָדוֹ. מֵעֲשׂוֹת לוֹ רָעָה:
From the poor he kept his hand back from harming him.
כָּל צִדְקוֹתָיו לֹא תִזָּכַרְנָה. פֵּרְשׁוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ: בְּמִתְחָרֵט עֲלֵיהֶם (קידושין מ:):
All his righteous deeds, etc., shall not be remembered Our Sages qualified this as referring to one who regrets them.
לֹא יִתָּכֵן. כְּמוֹ: לֹא יִתָּקֵן, אַפְיֵיאַטְ״שׁ בְּלַעַ״ז:
is not right Heb. יִתָּכֵן, like יִתָּקֵן, afetes in Old French; just, correct, right.
שׁוּבוּ וְהָשִׁיבוּ. שׁוּבוּ אַתֶּם, וְהָשִׁיבוּ אֶת אֲחֵרִים רְטוֹרְנִי״ר בְּלַעַ״ז:
repent and cause others to repent Heb. שּׁוּבוּ וְהָשִּׁיבוּ, you repent and you cause others to repent (tourner, retourner in French), turn [others], return.