Rashi on Isaiah Chapter 60
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עַל צַד תֵּאָמַנָה. ״עַל גִּיסְסִין״ (תרגום יונתן), כְּסָלִים שֶׁל מְלָכִים תִּהְיֶינָה אֲמוּנוֹת:
shall be raised on [their] side [Jonathan renders:] on the flanks, the flanks of the kings, they will be raised.
אָז תִּרְאִי וְנָהַרְתְּ. ״בְּכֵן תֶּחֱזִין וְתִנְהֲרִין״ (תרגום יונתן):
Then you shall see and be radiant Heb. וְנָהַרְתָּ, from נְהוֹרָה, [Aramaic for light,] then you shall see and be radiant [from Jonathan].
וּפָחַד וְרָחַב לְבָבֵךְ. וְיִתְמַהּ וְיִרְחַב לִבֵּךְ:
and your heart shall be startled and become enlarged And your heart shall wonder and become enlarged.
כִּי יֵהָפֵךְ עָלַיִךְ הֲמוֹן יָם. ״אֲרֵי יִתְחַלֵּף לִיךְ עוּתַר מַעַרְבָא״ (תרגום יונתן):
for the abundance of the west shall be turned over to you for the abundance of the west shall be turned over to you [after Jonathan].
חֵיל גּוֹיִם. ״נִכְסֵי דְפָלְחֵי כּוֹכְבַיָּא״:
the wealth of the nations The possessions of the nations [after Jonathan].
שִׁפְעַת. רֹב:
A multitude Heb. שִׁפְעַת, A multiplicity.
בִּכְרֵי מִדְיָן. ״הוֹגְנֵי מִדְיָן״ (תרגום יונתן); הֵם גְּמַלִּים בַּחוּרִים, וְכֵן ״בִּכְרָה קַלָּה״ (ירמיה ב:כג):
the young camels of Midian Heb. בִּכְרֵי. [Jonathan renders:] הוֹגְנֵי. They are young camels. Comp. (Jer. 2:23) “a swift young camel (בִּכְרָה).”
וְעֵיפָה. גַּם הֵם מִבְּנֵי מִדְיָן, ״עֵיפָה וָעֵפֶר״ (בראשית כה:ד):
and Ephah They, too, are of the sons of Midian. Comp. (Gen. 25:4) “Ephah and Epher.”
אֵילֵי נְבָיוֹת. דִּכְרֵי נְבָיוֹת:
the rams of Nebaioth Heb. אֵילֵי, rams of Nebaioth [after Jonathan].
בָּרִאשֹׁנָה. כְּמוֹ ׳כְּבָרִאשׁוֹנָה׳, בִּימֵי שְׁלֹמֹה, כְּעִנְיָן שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (מלכים א י:כב): ״כִּי אֳנִי תַרְשִׁישׁ לַמֶּלֶךְ בַּיָּם אַחַת לְשָׁלֹשׁ שָׁנִים תָּבֹא אֳנִי תַרְשִׁישׁ וְגוֹ׳״, תַּרְשִׁישׁ שֵׁם הַיָּם:
as in the beginning Like ‘as in the beginning,’ meaning in the days of Solomon, like the matter that is stated (I Kings 10:22): “For the king had at sea ships of Tarshish, etc.; once in three years, the ships of Tarshish would come, etc.” Tarshish is the name of the sea.
לְשֵׁם ה׳ אֱלֹהַיִךְ. שֶׁנִּקְרָא עָלֶיךָ, כִּי יִשְׁמְעוּ שִׁמְעוֹ וְשֵׁם גְּבוּרָתוֹ וְיָבוֹאוּ:
in the name of the Lord your God that is called upon you, for they will hear a report of Him and the name of His might, and come.
כִּי פֵאֲרָךְ. נָתַן לָךְ פְּאֵר:
for He has glorified you He has given you glory.
וּבִרְצוֹנִי. וּבְהַרְצוֹתִי לָךְ, אימונ״א פייזמנ״ט בלע״ז:
and in my grace Because I favored you; in old French, en mon apayemant.
וּפִתְּחוּ שְׁעָרַיִךְ תָּמִיד. לְשׁוֹן ׳פִּתּוּחַ׳, מִמִּשְׁקֹלֶת לָשׁוֹן כָּבֵד, עַל שֵׁם שֶׁפְּתִיחָתָן פְּתִיחַת עוֹלָם, פְּתִיחַת תָּמִיד; כְּמוֹ ׳שִׁבֵּר׳ מִלְּשׁוֹן ׳שְׁבִירָה׳, כָּךְ מִלְּשׁוֹן ׳פְּתִיחָה׳, טי״ש אובירט״ש בלע״ז:
And they shall open your gates always Heb. וּפִתְּחוּ. This is an expression of opening in the strong conjugation (פִּעֵל), since their opening is a perpetual opening, a constant opening. Just as שַׁבֵּר is an expression of breaking, so is פִּתְּחוּ an expression of opening. Tresoverts in O.F.
בְּרוֹשׁ תִּדְהָר וּתְאַשּׁוּר. מִינֵי עֲצֵי יַעַר לְבָנוֹן:
box trees, firs, and cypresses Species of trees of the forest of Lebanon.
צִיּוֹן קְדוֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל. ״צִיּוֹן דְּאִתְרְעִי בָהּ קַדִּישָׁא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל״ (תרגום יונתן), צִיּוֹן שֶׁל קְדוֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל:
Zion of the Holy One of Israel [Lit. Zion the Holy One of Israel. Jonathan renders:] Zion desired by the Holy One of Israel, Zion of the Holy One of Israel.
וְשֹׁד מְלָכִים. לְשׁוֹן ׳שָׁדַיִם׳, וְתִינָקִי יוֹרֶה עָלָיו:
and the breast of kings Heb. וְשֹׁד, an expression of breasts (שָׁדַיִם) and ‘you shall suck’ proves it.
תַּחַת הַנְּחֹשֶׁת. שֶׁנָּטְלוּ מִמֵּךְ:
Instead of the copper that they took from you.
וְשַׂמְתִּי פְקֻדָּתֵךְ שָׁלוֹם. ״וַאֲשַׁוִּי פַּרְנָסָךְ שְׁלָם וְשָׁלְטוֹנִיךְ בִּזְכוּ״ (תרגום יונתן):
and I will make your officers peace [Jonathan renders:] And I will make your officers peace and your rulers with righteousness.
פְקֻדָּתֵךְ. פְּקִידִים שֶׁלָּךְ, וְרַבּוֹתֵינוּ אָמְרוּ (בבא בתרא ט א): הַפְּקֻדּוֹת שֶׁבָּאוּ עָלֶיךָ בְּגָלוּתֵךְ וְהַנּוֹגְשִׂים שֶׁדְּחָקוּךְ יִהְיוּ לָךְ לְשָׁלוֹם וְלִצְדָקָה:
פְקֻדָּתֵךְ Your appointed officers. Our Rabbis stated: The officers who came upon you in your exile and the rulers who pressed you will be counted for you as peace and charity (Baba Bathra 9a). [That is, the money they have exacted from you will be counted as charity.]
לֹא יִהְיֶה לָּךְ עוֹד. לֹא תִצְטָרְכִי לְאוֹר הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ:
You shall no longer have You shall not require the light of the sun.
לֹא יֵאָסֵף. לְשׁוֹן ״אָסְפוּ נָגְהָם״ (יואל ב:י), הִכְנִיסוּ אוֹרָם:
neither...be gathered in Heb. יֵאָסֵף, an expression similar to (Joel 2:10) “gathered in (אָסְפוּ) their brightness.” Gathered in their light.
לְהִתְפָּאֵר. שֶׁאֶהְיֶה מִתְפָּאֵר בָּם, פורוונטי״ר בלע״ז:
in which I will glory That I will glory with them. Pourvanter in French.
בְּעִתָּהּ אֲחִישֶׁנָּה. זָכוּ – אֲחִישֶׁנָּה, לֹא זָכוּ – בְּעִתָּהּ (סנהדרין צח א):
in its time I will hasten it If they are worthy, I will hasten it; if they are not worthy, it will be in its time.